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B.C. 
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DALU 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


B.  0.  BAJ'TR 

L.\WY£R 
DALLAS,  TEXAS 


THE  MANUAL 

OF 
NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

DESIGNED  FOR  CLASS  OR  SELF-INSTRUCTION 

BY 
AUGUST  MENGELKAMP 

"Utility  is  the   Truest  Test  of  Excellence" 


FIFTH,  IMPROVED  EDITION 


AUGUST  MENGELKAMP 
REMSEN.  IOWA 


Copyright  1937 
BY 

AUGUST  MENGELKAMP 


Copyright  in  England 


/f/7 


PREFACE 

The  first  edition  of  this  work  was  published  in  1891, 
principally  as  a  guide  in  the  acquirement  of  the  system 
for  the  purposes  of  correspondence  and  private  memo- 
randa. The  author,  having  critically  examined  the  lead- 
ing English,  German,  and  French  stenographic  systems, 
arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  a  system  to  be  fitted  for 
general  use,  must  necessarily  be  built  upon  the  principles 
employed  in  ordinary  writing.  They  may  be  sum- 

tn  marized  in  the  following  : 

5 

Si 

£  SYNOPSIS 

5 

OF   LEADING  PRINCIPLES  OF  STRUCTURE 

wJ 

1.     The  graphic  style  of  writing:  that  is,  a  regular 

S£  succession  of  up  and  downstrokes  —  the  element  of  speed. 

te         2.     Words  are  written  on  the  slope  of  ordinary  writ- 

<|  ing;  thus  securing  an  easy  and  uniform  manual  move- 

ment. 

3.  Acute   angles   and   curves   predominate:   obtuse 
w    angles  are  entirely  abolished. 

4.  Connective  vowels:  consonants  and  vowels  join 
P    directly,  and  in  their  natural  order. 

5.  No  shading;  all  characters  may  be  written  either 
light  or  heavy. 

6.  No-  position;  only  one  line  of  writing. 

The  aforementioned  principles  are  embodied  in 
Natural  Shorthand.  As  such  it  differs  from  all  other 
systems  in  several  important  points,  and  from  the  more 


449502 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


prominent  ones  especially,  by  its  similarity  to  our  present 
longhand.  From  the  very  outset  the  student  can  turn  to 
account  the  practice  already  gained  from  the  use  of  ordi- 
nary writing,  while  the  forward  slope  of  characters,  the 
fluent  word-forms,  and  the  predominance  of  curves  and 
sharp  angles  are  both  productive  of  great  speed,  and 
conducive  to  the  acquirement  of  a  beautiful  and  legible 
style  of  writing. 

Natural  Shorthand  is  more  than  any  other  a  true 
representative  of  spoken  language,  assigning  as  it  does, 
a  distinct  and  unmistakable  character  to  every  funda- 
mental sound  of  the  English  tongue.  It  professes  a  full 
vowel  scale,  representing  the  sixteen  simple  vowel  sounds 
of  the  English  language  by  simple  and  characteristic 
signs.  The  grouping  of  these  vowels  especially  will  at 
once  appeal  to  the  student  of  language  and  phonetics  as 
superior.  Not  only  are  they  arranged  in  pairs,  two  to  a 
group,  but  they  have  also  been  matched  with  special  re- 
gard to  affinity  of  sound.  This  will  become  more  appar- 
ent by  pronouncing  the  key-words  edge,  age — rip,  reap — 
nice,  noise — etc.  These  point's  of  superiority  no  other 
system  can  produce  to  the  same  extent.  This  grouping 
of  vowels,  two  to  a  group,  short  and  long,  is  phonetically 
correct,  natural.  The  superiority  of  our  vowel  scheme 
becomes  still  more  apparent  in  vowel  combinations, 
where  the  vowels  in  words  like  Leo,  Noah,  snowy,  Ionia, 
Iowa,  Eliu,  etc.,  are  joined  as  usual,  without  resorting  to 
special  devices. 

Similar  to  the  vowels,  our  consonant  forms  uniformly 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


occur  in  pairs,  and  we  employ  characters  of  but  two 
sizes.  This  is  an  achievement  characteristic  with  Natural 
Shorthand.  It  is  the  key  to  legibility,  and  the  chief 
characteristic  of  a  sound  and  rational  consonant  repre- 
sentation. 

The  consonants,  being  already  very  characteristic  in 
outline  and  general  appearance,  become  more  so  from 
the  fact  that  they  are  struck  downward,  whereas  the 
vowels  are  traced  in  a  forward  direction — a  landmark 
for  the  eye.  As  such,  Natural  Shorthand  is  founded 
upon  principles  not  elsewhere  employed  in  the  construc- 
tion of  a  stenographic  system  for  the  English  language. 
It  is  founded  upon  the  true  principles  of  penmanship, 
of  ordinary  writing — a  regular  succession  of  up  and 
down-strokes.  It  is  the  only  graphic  connective  vowel 
system  before  the  public. 

Another  point  of  greatest  importance  is  that  of  the 
assignment  of  the  shorthand  characters  to  individual  let- 
ters. Anyone  conversant  with  other  connective  vowel 
systems,  will  have  observed  that  the  simplest  characters 
have  not  always  been  assigned  to  the  most  frequent  let- 
ters, but  to  such  letters  or  rather,  sounds,  as  insure  the 
most  facile  combinations.  In  other  words:  the  value  of 
a  stenographic  character  is  determined  not  so  much  by 
its  frequency,  as  by  its  combination  with  other  letters. 
It  is  a  principle  that  underlies  the  construction  of  every 
connective  vowel  system;  it  is  a  problem  that  can  be 
solved  only  after  years  of  arduous  labor  and  experi- 
ments. 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


The  most  important  consonants  with  reference  to 
combination  are  i,  d,  r,  I,  and  w .  In  Natural  Shorthand, 
t  and  d  not  only  readily  join  with  all  vowel  strokes,  but 
medially  and  finally  connect  with  consonant  and  vowel 
strokes,  and  that  with  a  single  effort  of  the  hand.  This 
is  a  feature  characteristic  with  Natural  Shorthand  only, 
and  unhesitatingly  and  truthfully  we  put  it  forth  as  the 
most  logical  and  successful  solution  of  the  Lengthening 
Principle  in  the  history  of  English  Shorthand.  It  more 
than  compensates  for  the  so-called  Blends  and  Double 
Consonants  of  other  systems,  which  because  of  their 
vague  -and  unsettled  character,  we  do  not  consider  a 
desideratum  in  modern  shorthand  writing. 

Another  advantage  of  the  system  is  the  assignment  of 
individual,  independent  consonant  forms  to  w  and  y,  the 
lack  of  which  is  so  painfully  felt  in  other  connective 
vowel  systems.  W  almost  exclusively  occurs  initially, 
before  vowels,  also  in  the  compounds  tw,  dw,  qu  (kw), 
ngw.  nkw,  and  especially  sw.  Hence  its  importance  as 
a  separate,  independent  character. 

A  few  remarks  regarding  general  abbreviation.  Long 
words  are  best  abbreviated  by  writing  the  initial  part, 
retaining  the  accented  vowel,  and  indicating  the  final 
syllables.  This  we  accomplish  in  a  brief  and  original 
manner.  The  initial  syllables  of  long  words  are  usually 
expressed  by  prefixes.  Natural  Shorthand  presents  a 
series  of  prefixes  of  exceptional  merit.  The  series  is 
simple  and  characteristic.  The  prefixes  are  connected 
with  the  root-word  in  an  unusual  manner,  imparting  to 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


the  word-form  that  characteristic  appearance  which  is 
of  greatest  importance  in  the  fluent  reading  of  steno- 
graphic text. — Vowels  are  neither  omitted  nor  substi- 
tuted in  the  body  of  words,  that  is,  in  radicals  and  princi- 
pal, accented  syllables  (Par.  54).  We  express  all  ac- 
cented vowels  by  their  own,  individual  characters.  No 
substitution,  no  omission  of  vowels  at  the  option  of  the 
writer. — Words  having  several  prefixes  and  such 
having  suffixes,  form  another  large  class  of  words  that  are 
abbreviated  according  to  a  novel  and  systematic  plan. 
Besides,  a  systematic  plan  of  characteristically  contract- 
ing monosyllables,  and  words  of  two  or  more  syllables 
having  neither  prefixes  nor  suffixes,  has  been  introduced. 
Frequently  recurring  consonant  groups  are  contracted 
according  to  fixed  rules;  likewise  a  number  of  final  syl- 
lables and  a  series  of  important  radicals,  etc.  While 
other  systems  contract,  blend  initial,  medial,  and  final, 
accented  and  unaccented  syllables  without  discrimina- 
tion, we  contract  final  and  unaccented  syllables  only. 
Natural  Shorthand  contracts  such  syllables  principally  as 
are  contracted,  slurred  also  in  ordinary  speech. 

Perhaps  the  most  deserving  feature  of  Natural  Short- 
hand is  its  great  simplicity.  Such  is  due  principally  to 
the  correct  and  complete  representation  of  the  funda- 
mental sounds  of  the  language,  as  well  as  to  the  logic 
and  consistency  of  its  superstructure.  Its  word-forms 
are  built  up  strictly  according  to  the  pronunciation  as 
given  in  the  dictionary.  It  does  away  with  technicali- 
ties; it  enjoins  no  undue  memorizing.  Considering  its 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


completeness,  its  rules  are  few — it  is  by  far  the  simplest 
of  the  connective  vowel  systems. 

The  system,  chiefly  because  of  its  simplicity,  can 
easily  be  learned  from  the  instruction  books,  without  the 
aid  of  a  teacher,  and  the  text-book  has  been  compiled  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  those  who  cannot  obtain  the 
services  of  an  instructor.  A  regular  course  of  daily 
practice  in  reading  and  writing  will  produce  best  re- 
sults, and  will  enable  the  student  to  fully  comprenend 
and  master  the  lessons.  Speed  of  course,  can  be  attained 
by  practice  only. 

The  work  is  divided  into  ten  lessons,  carefully  graded. 
Its  principles  are  presented  and  explained  in  the  simplest 
and  clearest  manner  possible.  The  illustrations  are  pro- 
fuse and  from  the  author's  own  shorthand  notes.  The 
alphabet  is  given  in  easy  sections.  The  keywords  of  the 
first  two  lessons  are  analyzed  with  respect  to  sound,  to 
accustom  the  student  to  spell  phonetically.  Word-signs, 
sentences,  and  phrases  are  introduced  early,  and  a  Read- 
ing and  Writing  Exercise  conclude  each  lesson — a  plan 
both  beautiful  and  practical. 

Unlike  others,  we  have  not  sought  to  provide  for 
both  the  amanuensis  and  the  reporter.  We  have  not 
aimed  at  extreme  brevity,  for  reporting  purposes,  but 
have  striven  to  preserve  the  essentials  of  a  simple  system 
of  shorthand,  a  system  adapted  to  the  average  hand  and 
mind.  Instead  of  launching  the  system  as  a  reporting 
medium,  we  have  suited  the  work  to  the  needs  of  our 
business  colleges  and  high  schools.  More  than  nine- 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


tenths  of  those  who  study  shorthand  make  use  of  it  in 
commercial  work.  Why  then  burden  your  pupils  with  a 
voluminous,  overwrought  text-book  teaching  the  difficult 
art  of  reporting,  when  they  enter  your  school  with  a 
view  to  preparing  for  the  business  off  ice  f  Why  not 
specialize?  By  choosing  a  system  adapted  to  your  par- 
ticular needs  you  will  obtain  better  results  and  greater 
satisfaction  in  the  schoolroom.  Besides,  it  will  effect  a 
great  saving  of  time,  of  valuable  time  that  may  be  uti- 
lized toward  perfecting  your  student's  in  other  branches. 
Natural  Shorthand  is  the  only  system  adapted  to  the 
particular  needs  of  our  young  people  in  connection  with 
commercial  work. 

Owing  to  its  simplicity  and  exactness,  Natural  Short- 
hand is  also  recommended  for  private  memoranda. 
Teachers,  business  men,  and  college  students  will  find  its 
study  fascinating  and  instructive,  and  its  application 
an  accomplishment  of  great  practical  value. 

THE  SPEED  PROBLEM 

A  system  of  shorthand  to  meet  present  conditions 
must  be  simple,  legible,  and  brief.  It  must  be  simple, 
because  shorthand  is  but  a  lesser  branch  in  the  al- 
ready overcrowded  curriculum  of  our  Advanced  Schools, 
and  one  eagerly  sought  for  by  a  great  many  students  of 
but  average  means  and  ability,  and  whose  time  is  limit- 
ed. It  must  be  legible,  because  accuracy,  that  is  legibili- 
ty, is  the  chief  requisite  with  the  business  man  who  in- 
sists upon  an  accurate  transcript.  It  must  be  brief,  be- 


10  NATURAL   SHORTHAND 

cause  you  will  be  required  to  write  down  the  words  of 
your  employer  as  fast  as  they  are  uttered.  You  must  be 
prepared  to  meet  this  requirement;  you  must  have  suf- 
ficient speed  to  take  him. 

To  achieve  this  latter  object,  to  attain  sufficient  speed 
for  rapid  work,  we  must  abbreviate.  But,  as  an  increase 
in  brevity  is  invariably  followed  by  a  decrease  in  legibili- 
ty, it  proved  necessary  to  adopt  a  method  of  abbreviation 
which,  while  permitting  words  to  be  contracted  to  a  con- 
siderable extent,  yet  would  preserve  sufficient  legibility 
to  insure  the  correct  reading  of  the  notes.  This  we  ac- 
complish by  systematic  abbreviation,  that  is,  by  syste- 
matically abbreviating,  contracting  certain  classes  of 
words,  and  likewise,  by  a  systematic  omission  of  subordi- 
nate parts  of  words. 

In  support  of  the  assertion  that  a  simple,  unelabor- 
ated  system  of  shorthand  is  to  be  considered  superior  to 
a  difficult,  overwrought  style,  we  take  pleasure  in  quoting 
from  an  address  of  the  eminent  author  and  congressional 
reporter,  the  late  David  Wolfe  Brown,  delivered  on  the 
occasion  of  the  World's  Congress  of  Stenographers  in 
Chicago:  "I  believe,  the  experience  of  the  first  decade 
of  phonography  in  America  has  shown  that  reporting 
skill  can  be  attained  most  certainly  and  most  promptly 
with  a  simple,  unelaborated  shorthand  system  comprising 
no  formidable  array  of  word-signs  and  phrases — a  sys- 
tem making  no  immoderate  demands  on  the  average 
memory  and  calling  upon  the  average  hand  for  no  over- 
nice  artistic  distinctions.  I  am  at  issue  with  those  who 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND  11 

would  require  not  only  every  would-be  reporter,  but 
every  would-be  amanuensis,  to  master  a  mass  of  "word- 
signs,"  phrases,  and  so-called  "reporting  expedients," 
of  which  hundreds  of  our  best  reporters  know  nothing 
theoretically  and  practically.  Such  training  seems  to 
me  a  sad  mistake,  even  as  a  preparation  for  reporting 
work.  How  much  greater  is  the  mistake  when  mere 
amanuensis  training  is  the  immediate  object!" 

These  remarks  are  very  timely,  very  pertinent  in- 
deed, and  cannot  be  too  urgently  recommended  to  the 
consideration  of  the  aspiring  student  as  well  as  to  the 
ambitious  and  conscientious  teacher.  They  give  expres- 
sion of  the  dissatisfaction  with  the  present  development 
of  shorthand,  and  point  out  the  direction  in  which  it 
stands  most  in  need  of  reform.  The  solution  of  the 
problem  as  to  how  to  gain  speed  must  be  sought,  aside 
from  the  perfect  mastery  of  the  fundamental  principles 
of  word-form  formation,  chiefly  in  the  quick  manipula- 
tion, in  the  dexterity  of  the  hand — in  other  words,  in 
practice. 

HOW  TO  PRACTICE 

Let  the  student  practice  from  dictation.  This  feature 
may  be  introduced  as  early  as  Lesson  1,  after  having 
previously  studied  it  as  directed  in  Exercises  8  and  9. 
Get  someone  to  read  for  you,  slowly  and  carefully  at  the 
outset,  and  with  gradually  increasing  speed.  Write  each 
exercise  from  dictation  ten  times.  However,  do  not  rush 
for  speed.  On  the  contrary,  be  slow  and  considerate. 


12  NATURAL   SHORTHAND 

especially  at  the  beginning  of  your  practice,  making  your 
notes  exact,  symmetrical.  Having  thus  gained  the  point 
that  you  can  write  correctly,  and  without  hesitation,  you 
have  half  won  the  battle.  Then  speed  will  come  of  itself 
— it  is  the  natural  outgrowth  of  correct  habits.  At  the 
conclusion  of  the  dictation,  and  the  next  day,  read  back 
what  has  been  written — the  ability  to  read  your  notes 
word  for  word  is  essential.  Shorthand  is  not  shorthand 
unless  you  can  read  it. 

Another,  very  interesting  method  of  increasing  speed 
is  that  of  ' '  concentrated  practice. ' '  Take  a  sentence,  and 
write  each  word  singly  one  hundred  times,  slowly  at  the 
beginning,  with  gradually  increasing  speed.  Thereupon 
the  first  and  second  word  together,  the  second  and  third, 
the  third  and  fourth,  etc.,  unhesitatingly,  yet  legibly, 
each  one  hundred  times.  Finally  write  the  whole  sen- 
tence as  many  times  without  the  slightest  hesitation  in 
passing  from  one  word  to  another.  In  this  manner  you 
will  soon  be  able  to  write  this  sentence  at  the  rate  of  one 
hundred  words  per  minute  and  above,  and  within  a  com- 
paratively short  time  greatly  increase  your  speed  'also 
on  new  matter. 

Having  thus  finished  the  Manual  and  the  Graded 
Exercises,  choose  your  dictation  matter  with  regard  to 
the  vocation  in  which  shorthand  is  to  be  of  service  to 
you.  If  you  intend  to  qualify  yourself  for  amanuensis 
work  in  a  mercantile  office,  let  business  forms  and  com- 
mercial letters  form  your  chief  practicing  material.  If 
you  wish  to  work  in  a  lawyer's  office,  practice  legal 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND  13 

forms,  lawyer's  briefs,  and  the  like.  For  a  change,  try 
your  hand  at  literary  matter.  It  will  greatly  relieve  the 
monotony  of  the  daily  routine.  Above  all,  it  will  provide 
you  with  a  large  vocabulary,  a  necessity  should  you  be 
called  upon  to  take  dictation  on  a  subject  other  than  mer- 
cantile. Each  letter,  each  subject  is  to  be  treated  separ- 
ately, and  do  not  proceed  to  the  next  before  such  part 
is  thoroughly  mastered,  and  until  it  is  written  absolutely 
correct,  and  at  a  fair  rate  of  speed.  It  is  only  by  persis- 
tent practice  and  by  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  arti- 
cle that  correct  habits  and  -speed  are  developed.  Be 
energetic  about  your  wrork,  earnest  and  enthusiastic.  You 
will  then  make  great  progress,  and  succeed. 

By  the  way,  we  advise  the  student  to  put  down  in 
shorthand  his  private  memoranda,  letters,  daily  accounts, 
etc.  It  will  serve  the  purpose  of  further  familiarizing 
him  with  the  art,  and  rendering  it  more  interesting. 
Likewise  correspond  with  your  friends  or  fellow-stu- 
dents in  shorthand.  Come  together  for  practice,  inter- 
changing ideas  and  reading  each  other's  notes,  the  last- 
named  suggestion  especially  being  valuable.  Having  thus 
persistently  studied  and  practiced  for  a  length  of  time, 
and  reached  a  speed  of  100  words  a  minutes,  you  may 
safely  apply  for  a  position.  Though  at  the  beginning 
your  salary  may  be  small,  bear  in  mind  that  you  lack 
experience,  and  as  such  should  be  content  to  begin  at 
the  bottom  of  the  ladder.  In  the  meantime  perfect  your 
knowledge  of  shorthand,  and  become  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  everything  pertaining  to  the  ready  per- 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


formance  of  your  duties.  Imitate  those  that  have  been 
successful  before  you,  profit  by  their  experience,  and  by 
so  doing  you  will  soon  be  in  a  position  to  employ  the 
winged  art  as  a  principal  means  of  gaining  a  livelihood, 
and  as  a  "stepping  stone"  to  something  higher  and 
better. 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND  IS 


LESSON    1 


CONSONANTS 

1.  The  consonant  signs  employed  in  Natural  Short- 
hand are  not  derived  from  the  circle  or  the  ellipse,  but 
from  an  analysis  of  the  characters  of  ordinary  writing. 
The  firm,  solid  downstroke  with  its  modifications  has 
been  employed  to  represent  the  consonants,  while  the 
light,  yielding  upstroke  expresses  the  vowels.  The  slope 
of  the  shorthand  signs  likewise  is  the  same  as  that  of 
longhand. 

The  consonant  characters  are  arranged  in  pairs,  and 
are  distinguished  by  a  difference  in  size.  They  are  di- 
vided into  two  grades :  t,  n,  k,  p,  1,  j,  sh,  being  equal  in 
size  to  the  small  m  in  ordinary  writing,  are  called  one 
grade  characters;  d,  m,  g,  b,  two  grade  characters. 
Characters  smaller  than  these  (r,  ch,  s,  w)  are  termed 
small  characters.  The  first  eight  characters  are  struck 
downward;  r  and  1  are  traced  from  right  to  left  (in  the 
direction  of  the  arrows)  ;  ch,  j,  s,  sh,  from  left  to  right. 
Long  strokes  at  the  beginning  of  n  and  m  must  be  avoid- 
ed. Observe  that  the  heads  of  p  and  &  are  traced  in  the 
form  of  a  loop. 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


./.  ./       ?.    ? 

/-       /             />       / 

t       d,              n        m, 

kg,              P       b 

fo,  .  O.    .     .    0>_    .  O  ...    o  .    /O  ........ 

r       I.  ch         j,  s      sh,  w 

2.  Get  an  ordinary  "composition  book,"  single  ruled,  and 
practice  the  aforegoing  consonants  by  copying  them  in  the 
order  given.  Fill  at  least  one  page,  until  you  can  trace  the 
stenographic  characters  with  neatness  and  accuracy,  and 
without  the  slightest  hesitation.  Write  all  exercises  with  ink. 
Leave  blank  space  on  the  right  of  the  page  for  correction  of 
errors. 


VOWELS 

3.  The  vowels  are,  as  opposed  to  the  consonants  which 
are  generally  downstrokes,  upstrokes,  and  slope  in  a  for- 
ward direction.  The  first  six  vowels  are  termed  straight 
vowels,  the  next  four,  round  vowels,  and  the  remaining 
six,  curved  vowels.  They  are  grouped  as  follows: 


i       e,  i       01,  a        a 

as  heard  in  the  words 
edge  age,       rip  reap,       nice  noise,      Sam  psalm 


NATURAL.  SHORTHAND  IT 


.^  _  v^ ri rrl  .  _  rr: s ^  .  "rS  _ 

6      6,         u,  aw         ow,          u,          u     oo 

as  heard  in  the  words 

rob  robe,    .  gun,      gnaw  now,        use,        pull  pool 

Remark:  The  student  is  advised  not  to  practice  upon  this 
table  of  vowels  till  he  has  completed  Lesson  2,  but  should  fre- 
quently refer  to  it  for  comparison. 

4.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  vowels,  similar  to  the 
consonants,  generally  occur  in  pairs,  the  first  of  each  pair 
representing  a  short  sound,  the  second  its  corresponding 
long  sound.  A  long  vowel  is  expressed  by  placing  a  dot 
above  the  sign  representing  its  corresponding  short 
sound.  Such  accuracy  of  indication  of  the  various 
shades  of  sounds  however,  is  rarely  necessary  in  practi- 
cal work.  It  is  for  this  reason  also,  that  the  first  (u) 
and  the  fourth  (u)  of  the  curved  vowels  have  not  been 
paired.  It  is  only  in  unfamiliar  or  isolated  words  that 
the  insertion  of  the  dot  is  necessary.  We  have  intro- 
duced the  dot  in  the  keywords  of  Lessons  1  and  2,  to 
y;ive  the  student  facility  in  applying  it,  but  have  omitted 
it  in  the  Exercises,  and  later  on  whenever  practical. 

The  student  is  recommended  to  conform  his  style  of 
writing  as  regards  the  size  of  characters  and  slant,  to  that, 
given  in  the  book.  This  system  however,  being  founded  upon 
longhand  with  its  variations  as  to  size  of  characters  and  slant, 
does  not  acknowledge  any  absolute  standard  as  to  a  particu- 
lar style  of  writing.  Be  it  remarked  however,  that  small 
notes  are  more  economical  than  large  ones,  and  that  slant 
writing  is  generally  considered  more  rapid  than  vertical. 


18  NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


COMBINATION    OF    CONSONANTS   AND    VOWELS 
TO  WORDS 

5.  Consonants  and  vowels  are  joined  directly,  with- 
out lifting  the  pen,  and  follow  each  other  in  their  natural 
order.    In  shorthand  we  write  only  that  which  is  actually 
pronounced.    Write  as  you  speak !    Words  therefore,  are 
not  written  according  to  their  spelling,  but  according  to 
their  sound.     This  implies  that  vowels  having  the  same 
sound  must  be  rendered  by  the  same  sign,  though  they 
be  differently  expressed.     Thus,  the  vowels  ea,  ie,  ay,  u, 
and  ue,  as  in  dead,  friend,  says,  bury,  guess,  must  be  ex- 
pressed like  the  vowel  e  in  rest,  the  vowel  sound  in  all 
these  words  being  the  same.    Silent  vowels,  like  e  in  late, 
or  ue  in  plague,  as  well  as  silent  consonants,  like  w  in 
write,  gh  in  night,  &  in  lamb,  g  in  sign,  etc.,  remain  un- 
expressed in  shorthand.    Similarly,  ph  is  rendered  by  f, 
ck  by  k. 

The  pronunciation  given  in  the  examples  is  based  on 
Webster's  "New  International"  Dictionary.  Editions  of  the 
International  are  no  longer  reliable  as  regards  pronunciation, 
especially  with  reference  to  the  vowel  u. 

6.  Study,  read,  and  copy  carefully  every  shorthand  word 
of  each  paragraph  in  this  lesson.     Analyze,  as  you  proceed, 
each  word  with  respect  to  its  sounds.     This  may  at  first  pre- 
sent some   difficulty.     But  the   little  trouble  attendant  upon 
the  practice  of  thus  noting  the  deliberate  utterance  of  a  word 
will  indeed  many  times  be  repaid  by  the  accuracy  and  finish 
which   it   imparts   to   your  own    pronunciation.     Having   thus 
reached   the   Exercises   at   the   conclusion   of    the   lesson,   go 
back  over  the  same  ground,  first  reading  the  shorthand  words 
keeping  the  typographic  words  covered,  then  writing  all  typo- 
graphic words  back  in  shorthand,  keeping  in  turn  the  short- 
hand forms  covered.     Each  subsequent  lesson  is  to  be  treated 
in  like  manner  before  attempting  the  Exercises  thereof. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


19 


7. 


THE  STRAIGHT  VOWELS 


edge  e-j 


ledge  1-e-j  oo 


age  a-j 


>o 


wren  r-e-n 


wretch  r-e-ch 


ram  r-a-n 


rip  r-i-p 


ridge  r-i-j 


reap  r-e-p 


sin 


seen 


s-i-n 


ditch  d-i-ch          /-° 


s-e-n 


tie  t-i 


nice 


n-i-s  2, 


ties  t-i-s 


type  t-i-p 


toy  t-oi 


noise  n-oi-s  2, 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


READING  EXERCISE 

8.  Read  the  following  shorthand  words,  comparing 
word  for  word  with  the  printed  key.  Exercise  9.  Read 
them  several  times,  until  you  can  recognize  them  at  sight, 
without  the  slightest  hesitation.  Then  transcribe  them 
into  longhand,  keeping  the  printed  key  covered.  Com- 
pare, and  correct  errors. 


-2..CL. 


WRITING   EXERCISE 

9.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  Writing  Exercise  at 
the  conclusion  of  this  paragraph  is  the  key  to  the  Read- 
ing Exercise  at  the  conclusion  of  paragraph  8.  The 
same  applies  to  all  the  Reading  and  Writing  Exercises 
throughout  the  book. 

Cover  up  the  Reading  Exercise  of  paragraph  8,  and 
write  the  words  at  the  conclusion  of  this  paragraph  back 
in  shorthand.  Write  slowly  and  carefully,  and  pro- 
nounce each  word  in  whisper  or  mentally  as  you  write. 
Compare,  and  put  down  words  written  wrong  on  a  sep- 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


arate  sheet  of  paper,  or  better,  in  a  little  reference  book, 
to  be  the  subject  of  special  drill  and  frequent  review. 
Write  the  exercise  several  times.  Write  always  from 
dictation  as  directed  in  The  Speed  Problem.  This  mode 
of  practice  is  to  be  observed  with  all  subsequent  Exer- 
cises, and  by  closely  adhering  to  this  plan  you  cannot 
fail  of  success. 

Say,  way,  ray,  lay,  sane,  lane,  tape,  shape,  ace,  rage,  rail, 
day,  Ed,  wreck,  neck,  shell,  etch,  wretch,  wedge,  wage,  tea, 
knee,  she,  see,  pea,  tease,  lease,  ear,  ears,  rear,  ease,  easy, 
near,  tear,  teach,  tin,  win,  itch,  each,  I,  ice,  sigh,  shy,  my,  lie, 
pie,  ripe,  wipe,  rye,  Roy. 

Remark:  The  vowel  stroke  in  Ed  and  similar  words  must 
be  elongated  to  effect  the  connection  with  d,  m,  or  g. 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 


LESSON   2 

THE  ROUND  VOWELS 

10.  Review  directions  of  Exercise  6  as  to  the  general 
mode  of  studying  the  lessons.  Bear  in  mind  that  it  is 
only  by  a  rigid  course  of  study,  and  by  the  faithful  ad- 
herence to  the  plan  laid  down  that  you  may  expect  to 
progress  satisfactorily. 


Sam 


rap 


psalm 


s-a-m 


r-a-p 


s-a-m 


tan 


sash 


calm 


t-a-n 


s-a-sh 


c-a-m 


rob 


gone 


robe 


r-6-b 


g-o-n 


r-o-b 


top 


t-o-p 


lodge  1-6-j 


tope  t-o-p 


THE   CURVED  VOWELS 

11.     While  the  straight  and  the  round  vowel  strokes 
are  simplicity  in  form  and  execution,  the  curved  vowels, 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


23 


however,  require  particular  attention.  They  are  com- 
pound strokes,  shallow  double  curves  slanting  in  a  for- 
ward direction.  They  should  be  struck  with  a  light,  uni- 
form movement.  Practice  the  curved  vowels  until  you 
acquire  the  knack  of  making  them  correctly  and  grace- 
fully. Study  the  models. 


sup 


tun 


touch 


s-u-p 


t-u-n 


t-u-ch 


jniaw 


lawn 


now 


n-aw 


1-aw-n 


n-ow 


use 


pew- 


new 


u-s 


p-u 


n-u 


puss 


rue 


loose 


p-u-s 


r-oo 


1-oo-s 


Remark:  This  exhausts  the  vowels  (and  diphthongs)  of 
the  system.  Be  sure  you  understand  them.  Study  their  char- 
acteristics, separately  and  in  groups.  Compare  them  as  to 
shape,  size,  and  direction.  Observe  that  the  last  three  vowels 
succeeding  consonants, -are  struck  through  the  line  of  writing. 


2«  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

12.  R  and  w  are  written  in  the  curve  of  curved 
vowels.  R  and  1  following  T  or  oi,  are  struck  to  the 
right.  Otherwise  write  them  as  usual. 

run         rub         raw          worry          war         wall 


tire         sire        tile  toil  tyro        silo 

.  4  .  .  _  x»,  .  .  4,  .  .   .  ^  _  _      /fc_x  .  .  ^a-x. 

Remarks:  R  and  I,  though  sometimes  traced  in  the  di- 
rection of  ch  and  j,  respectively,  as  in  run,  raw,  tire,  tile,  can- 
not be  confounded  with  the  latter,  as  will  be  seen  later  on. 
Besides,  there  are  no  similar  words  to  clash. 

13.  Vowels  that  are  struck  horizontally  —  -T,  oi,  a, 
a,  o,  o  —  are  joined  initially  to  downstrokes  above  the 
line.  Similarly  the  last  three  of  the  curved  vowels. 

Ida         Annie         analyze         Otto         Utah 


READING  EXERCISE 

14.  Review  directions  of  Exercise  8.  Give  your  at- 
tention also  to  the  longhand  transcript.  Let  it  present  a 
neat  and  clean  appearance,  and  be  free  from  errors  in 
spelling. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  IS 


//>..   .ft-.    -^  •    -O^-     -    <-    - 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

15.  The  complete  vowel  scale,  paragraph  3,  together 
with  its  symbols,  should  now  be  reviewed  and  copied  by 
the  student  five  times.  Thereupon  transcribe  the  words 
below  back  into  shorthand  as  directed  in  paragraph  9. 

Air,  rare,  gas,  match,  nap,  marry,  alley,  ash,  Ella,  Ni- 
agara, cap,  Emma,  arise,  alas,  catch,  care,  carriage,  area,  tare, 
tar,  row,  know,  show,  low,  so,  toe,  woe,  go,  roar,  roll,  door, 
Cora,  piano,  depot,  sown,  Leo,  Rosa,  arrow,  narrow,  sorrow, 
coach,  Roger,  watch,  wash,  pop,  sop,  soap;  par.  11:  err,  herb, 
up,  tub,  gun,  saw,  law,  due,  mew,  lieu,  tissue,  Louis;  par.  12: 
wire,  wile,  tire,  tires,  pile,  mile,  ire,  isle;  par.  13:  idea,  idol, 
Anna,  obey,  oak,  opera,  Ottawa. 


26  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

LESSON  3 

CONSONANT  CONNECTIONS 

16.  S  has  two  sounds,  sharp  and  soft.  Soft  s  (z), 
being  of  little  practical  importance,  is  represented  by 
the  sign  for  sharp  s.  When  necessary  to  distinguish  it 
from  the  latter,  add  a  dot. 

says        ways        zero        cozy        race        raise 


17.    The  termination  es  is  expressed  by  s  only.    The 
similar  endings  ess,  ace,  ays  are  written  in  full. 

catches    lodges     poses     possess    terrace     essays 


18.  For  the  purpose  of  better  connection,  ch  and  j 
occurring  at  the  beginning  of  words,  are  placed  below 
the  line.  When  preceding  u  or  oo,  however,  they  remain 
on  the  line.  Compare  Remark,  paragraph  12. 

chain        chip        jay        John        jaw        Jew 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


27 


19.     Words  illustrating  the  use  of  h,  wh,  st,  sk,  ng, 
nk,  sp,  sn,  sm,  nch,  nj,  and  x. 

h       wh       st       sk       ng       nk       sp       sn       sm 

a  ~)  O  ^v) 

.?./.    .?..?..?.-/-    .?--'?-./- 


nch     nj        x          Harry        whip       store       mask 

.  £         2  .      /  _          &^.     .    .  2—/>.  .  .  2_f  .  .     &?. 
sing     sink     spy     snow     smash     wrench     Texas 


Remarks:  The  heads  of  st  and  sk  should  be  made  small. 
JOJD  ch  and  j  closely  to  the  preceding  n,  so  that  no  intermedi- 
ate s  may  be  read.  The  initial  stroke  of  x  is  smaller  than 
the  final  one;  it  is  slightly  curved,  and  slants  to  the  right. 

20.  K  and  /  following  consonants,  are  placed  to  the 
left  of  siuh  consonants.  Before  oo  however,  join  them 
to  the  riht. 


try        dress       shriek 
_  </-.  ../... 
ply       blow        class 


trash        crow        draw 


claw 


glue 


Remark:  In  joining  r  and  I  to  the  foot  of  consonants,  we 
trace  them  in  the  direction  of  ch  and  j,  respectively.  In  such 
and  similar  combinations,  rand  I  cannot  possibly  be  mistaken  for 
ch  and  j,  because  the  latter  are  joined  to  consonants  in  a 
different  manner  as  illustrated  in  paragraph  19  (nj). 


28  NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 

21.  Note  the  combinations  tw,  dvv,  qu,  (phon.  kw), 
and  ngu  (ngw).  W  and  1  of  the  combinations  sw  and  si, 
respectively,  are  traced  to  the  right  when  before  a 
straight  or  curved  vowel,  and  are  formed  with  a  single 
inflection  of  the  pen. 

twice        twist        queer        sway        slay        slum 


22.  F  and  v  are  "one"  and  "two  grade"  characters, 
respectively.  At  the  beginning  of  words  draw  them  al- 
ways upward,  in  the  middle  and  at  the  end  of  words,  al- 
ways downward. 

f         v          foe          few         fun          free          flee 


safe        life        laugh        office         vain         stove 


23.  F  occurring  before  I  or  e  at  the  beginning  of  a 
wrord,  adopts  the  direction  of  these  vowels.  Initial  v  fol- 
lowed by  i,  e,  1,  or  oi,  is  expressed  by  a  small  hook. 

fin         fix         Philip         vista         vie         voice 


Remark:     In  words  like  Philip,  fear,  rest  r  and  I  on  the 
line,  the  vowel  sound  being  already  sufficiently  clear. 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


24.  We  express  y  by  a  small  hook  below  the  line,  ac- 
commodating itself  to  the  direction  of  the  vowels.  It  is 
the  reverse  of  the  v  hook. 


yea 


yes 


yellow 


yeast 


yore 


25.  Th  and  dh  (soft  th)  are  struck  downward  when 
at  the  beginning  and  in  the  middle  of  words.  At  the  end 
of  words  they  are  expressed  by  the  same  signs  struck 
upward. 

th       dh       thatch       thrice       thorough       though 


Matthew 

Agatha 

.  te_ 

loath        loathe 

depth 

Ai. 

Remark:  Final  th  succeeding  a  consonant,  as  in  depth, 
is  expressed  by  the  downstroke.  In  practical  work  it  is  gen 
erally  omitted. 

26.  U  occurring  between  two  consonants,  is  express- 
ed by  intersection,  that  is  by  striking  one  characier 
through  another.  This  is  done  either  direct,  as  in  news, 
or  by  means  of  the  hairstroke,  as  in  lure. 


news 


deuce 
/.  . 


Luc 


lure 
.Go. 


cure 


30  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

huge  dupe  Cuba          duke         bureau 

fo  .  .  .    _  & .   .  -   .  /£ .  -  .   -/£_..-  x^-  - 

Remark:  Before  a  round  vowel  trace  r  to  the  left,  as  in 
bureau.  Compare  tyro,  paragraph  12. 

27.  Medial  oo  and  u  preceding  any  character  but  s, 
are  expressed  by  their  respective  signs  straightened  out 
along  the  line.  When  followed  by  medial  t  or  d,  express 
them  by  an  inverted  oo  crossed  by  a  short,  waved  line. 
These  latter  words  are  very  rare. 

noon          loop          tour          roost  Rudolph 

.    _    .   Q_ f  -     _    Z — j>  .    _    o. -j>   ... 


Remark:  Placing  r  and  I  to  the  right  of  consonants  as  in 
troop,  gloom,  conforms  with  the  second  part  of  Rule  20.  Com- 
pare troop  ami  true,  gloom  and  glue,  Gen.  Exercise,  Par.  30. 


WORD  SIGNS 

28.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  bulk  of  all  writ- 
ten and  spoken  language  is  made  up  of  short  words, 
chiefly  monosyllables,  such  as  the  articles,  pronouns,  con- 
junctions, etc.  Because  of  their  great  frequency,  these 
words  have  been  assigned  special,  brief  forms,  called 
word-signs.  They  are  of  great  help  towards  attaining 
speed,  hence  should  be  carefully  memorized.  The  num- 
ber of  word-signs  for  general  use  should  be  limited;  and 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


let  the  individual  writer  enlarge  and  extend  this  list  as 
the  requirements  of  his  work  may  demand. 


to 

do 

not          me 

count 

good 

. 

/ 

7               7 

r  . 

/" 

put 

by 

the           all 

man 

can 

/ 

/ 

o                 O 

.2  .  . 

c 

is 

should 

shall 

on          it 

who 

^ 

.  /-)  - 

/"i.  . 

»  -  _     ^_ 

GENERAL  EXERCISE 


29.  This  Exercise  presents  a  list  of  words  illustrat- 
ing the  several  paragraphs  of  this  lesson  at  length.  The 
mode  of  practice  explained  in  Exercises  8  and  9  applies 
alike  to  all  General  Exercises  throughout  the  book. 


f .  -  2  -  .  4,  -  - 


32 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 


-     C-,.     - 


-     f  - 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND  33 

"Tops,  knobs,  tacks,  loss,  toss,  rise,  cigars,  zone,  lazy, 
gazelle,  cease,  seize,  gauze;  par.  17:  riches,  dodges,  ace,  aces, 
essay,  essays,  tosses,  lashes,  cares,  caress;  par.  18:  cherry, 
chin,  choice,  porch,  gem,  gin,  jug,  jam,  jolly,  Jewess;  par.  19: 
hay,  hedge,  hero,  high,  hair,  hash,  harsh,  hose,  hollow,  home, 
haw,  hue,  why,  while,  stay,  stitch,  stow,  stop,  stew,  nest,  scarce, 
sky,  desk,  wing,  wink,  angry,  spare,  lisp,  snap,  smile,  inch, 
range,  sex,  Max,  ox;  par.  20:  train,  tree,  trip,  trap,  trim,  dry, 
drum,  grass,  grow,  grip,  cry,  crest,  crape,  crazy,  crisp,  Christ, 
priest,  prayer,  brace,  bridge,  strain,  strip,  straw,  scratch, 
shrink,  shrub,  shrill,  glean,  gloss,  clip,  clear,  pledge, 
blast,  blue,  grew;  par.  21:  dwell,  twin,  square,  squire,  query, 
sweep,  swim,  slim,  swum,  swam,  slam;  par.  22:  fetch,  fan, 
fast,  follow,  force,  fudge,  fuel,  fry,  freeze,  fly,  flesh,  knife, 
coffee,  taffy,  leaf,  loaf,  wife,  grieve,  Joseph,  fate,  fade,  vest, 
vast,  valley,  live,  strive,  carve,  heavy,  levy;  par.  23:  fee,  fear, 
fish,  feet,  feed,  vim,  veal,  via,  viola,  vice,  vile,  voyage;  par. 
24:  yell,  year;  par.  25:  thief,  Theresa,  throw,  path,  both, 
length;  par.  26:  pews,  muse,  newsy,  fuse,  diffuse,  pure,  purify, 
allure,  mature,  inure,  fury,  mule,  tube,  cube,  puny,  Tunis 
puma;  par.  27:  wool,  tool,  poor,  soup,  push,  roof,  group,  bal- 
loon, Judith,  true,  troop,  glue,  gloom. 

READING  EXERCISE 

30.  Before  proceeding,  copy  the  word-signs,  Par.  28, 
five  times.  If  you  meet  a  word  in  the  exercises  that  you 
cannot  decipher,  let  it  remind  you  that  the  lesson  is  not 
thoroughly  understood,  and  stands  in  need  of  repetition. 
You  will  find  that  an  occasional  going  back  is  a  good 
thing,  and  will  prove  an  aid  rather  than  a  delay.  Note 
difficult  words,  especially  also  phrases,  and  jot  them 
down  in  your  reference  book.  The  punctuation  marks 
are  the  same  as  in  longhand. 


34  NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


O-    . 

^  /"  ^  ^  ^/7   /  .  a^-  .x^x  /v- 

Co    cX    /    -<_^    .     <^-      ^°     VO      S    O 


/     O  . 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

31.  The  student  will  observe  in  the  Reading  and 
Writing  Exercises  word-signs  that  are  joined  together, 
as,  I-can-not,  to-see,  you-shall,  etc.  Such  combi- 
nation of  word-signs  are  called  phrases.  The  student 
is  advised  to  confine  himself  to  the  phrases  presented  in 
the  Reading  and  Writing  Exercises  until  he  reaches  Les- 
son 7,  where  phrase  writing  is  taught  and  illustrated  in 
a  separate  chapter. 

In  this  connection  we  again  advise  the  student  not 
to  be  too  anxious  to  obtain  speed  in  writing.  He  should 
be  content  to  begin  slowly  and  carefully  so  that  his 
notes  approach  those  in  the  text-book  in  points  of  neat- 
ness and  accuracy.  In  other  words,  he  should  cultivate 
a  correct  and  legible  style  of  writing,  —  then  speed  will 
take  care  of  itself. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  II 

I  owe  you  (To  u).  Your  folly  I-can-not  bear  to-see. 
The  knife  is-not  yours ;  who  owns  it  ?  Henry.  You-shalU 
not  lie.  Dan  is  fair  to-my  nephew  Sam.  A*  good  boy 
is  known  by-all.  Harry  wishes  to-see  my  new  pony. 
Emma  goes  away  to  Iowa.  Papa  says  you-should  count 
all  your  cash.  Boys,  roll  up  your  sleeves;  it-is  up  to- 
you.  Alice  can  sing  a  song.  Otto  is  off  on-a  trip  to  Italy 
to-see  Rome.  Put  your  cap  away.  No  man  is  always 
wise.  Flee  sin.  Say  "I-can-do  it.''  It-is  an  easy  task. 
Good-bv  to  all. 


*Generally    pronounced    like    a    in    ask.      See    Webster's 
"New  International"  Dictionary. 


36  NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 

LESSON  4 

SPECIAL   ABBREVIATION 

32.  Chiefly  for  the  purpose  of  rendering  frequent 
monosyllables  short  and  characteristic,  we  employ  a  few 
special  abbreviating  devices.    They  are  restricted  almost 
exclusively  to  the  final  portion  of  words. 

33.  A  number  of  frequent  monosyllables  ending  on 
ick  are  expressed  by  their  initial  downstrokes  together 
with  a  short,  straight  backstroke. 

tick  thick  pick  kick  lick 


Remark.  This  short  backstroke  is  the  initial  stroke  of 
x  (ks),  and  as  such  expresses  k,  a  component  part  of  the 
syllable  abbreviated. 

34.  jV  is  represented  by  an  additional  character,  a 
short  horizontal  stroke.  It  is  used  finally  only,  after  r 
and  1.  S  following  auxiliary  n  is  slanted  backward. 

darn       mourn       stol(e)n       swoll(e)n       mourns 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


35.  R  preceding  a  consonant  can  often  be  omitted. 
Similarly  we  generally  omit  n  of  the  combination  nj. 
Compare  Par.  19. 

large        church        serve        orange        strange 
.  (LO  ____  ^?  _  .  .   s-rf  .   -    -  ^^o  ___    ..#?.. 

36.  Joining  r  to  the  right  of  downstrokes  (Compare 
par.  20),  expresses  awr  (or). 

nor          corn           horse           torch          Norway 


37.  The  reversing  principle  of  the  preceding  chap- 
ter, slightly  modified,  is  employed  also  to  express  the 
syllable  er  (Tr,  ur)  when  occurring  before  characters 
that  are  struck  with  a  forward  motion,  namely  s,  sh,  n, 
m,  j,  and  upstroke  th  and  dh.  It  is  used  also  finally. 

terse         turnip         urge         earth         her 


38.    Auxiliary  n  slightly  waved  expresses  in;  adding 
a  dot  signifies  oin. 

pine          kine          mine          tine          coin 
_  >£-  .    .  .  XL.    _    .  Z  ___  /  ----  #  --- 

449502 


38 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


39.  The  termination  own  is  expressed  by  resting  the 
full  length  of  ow  on  the  line.  The  dot  of  ow  may  be 
omitted. 


town         down         gown         noun 


brown 


40. 


GENERAL    EXERCISE 


_  £.  . 


Dick,  sick,  nick,  stick;  par.  34:  borne,  torn,  worn, 
barn,  yarn,  darns;  par.  35:  nerve,  curve,  serves,  starve, 
Bertha,  Martha,  birch,  lurch.  George,  warm,  arrange,  hinge, 
sponge,  lounge,  passenger;  par.  36:  born,  thorn,  morn,  born. 
north;  par.  37:  terse,  purse,  hearse,  nurse,  mercy,  Jersey,  learn, 
burn,  furnace,  term,  firm,  surge,  scourge,  birth,  mirth,  sir, 
pur,  stir,  cur,  blur;  par.  38:  dine,  spine,  line,  twine,  brine,  join, 
loin;  par.  39:  drawn,  tines,  towns. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


41.  WORD-SIGNS 

great        take       here       about        was        come 


dear         sure       give        back          over       from 
_</.  ___  /^_  ._/£..._£..„  .*-P-    .  «-^- 

thank       very       first        trust          where     some 
.<?  ___  .  o<  .   .   7.   .    _  ^   ____  «_,  _  _   *v-.  . 

42.  READING  EXERCISE 

&>     /    O    .     ^    s>    £    <t-s         .    o  c/    I/?  ^   ^J>   . 


OS  S^          7—     .        S~*  .  ^^~)   S  O 
6     Q_£>  .    &.     </i^ 

" 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


WRITING   EXERCISE 

43.  Give  thanks  to  all.  Anna  is  back  from  church. 
The  great  storm  is  over.  Come  over  to-see  me  about-the 
check  from  Henry  Brown.  March  over  here  to-the  rear. 
Martha  wore  a  silk  dress  on  her  birthday.  The  train 
from  Troy  was  very  slow;  it-is  to-reach  Lake  Erie  by 
noon.  Aim  sure.  I-wish  you  all  good  luck.  Flora  fell 
to-the  floor.  Corn  grows  on  stalks.  Fear  the  wrong. 
Dear  mamma,  where-is  Nora  ?  Give  alms  to-the  poor  man. 
Bertha  may  take  a  trip  to  Des  Moines.  The  teacher 
teaches ;  the  boys  learn.  Eleanor  took  a  book  to  look  up 
a  rule.  I-trust  to-see  her  some  day.  Do  try  to-reach  the 
goal  first.  Drops  day  by  day  wear  rocks  away.  Now 
I  lay  me  down  to-sleep. 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


LESSON    5 

THE    LENGTHENING    PRINCIPLE 

44.  Elongating  a  vowel  one  grade  adds  t,  two  grades, 
d.  The  elongation  takes  place  in  the  direction  of  the 
vowel. 


day 


debt 


dead 


lee 


lit 


lid 


tie 


tight         tide 


man        mat       mad 

.1.     .  2/.  -  -  V. 


no 


knot 


nod 


come       cut        cud 


Remark:  The  forms  for  man  and  come  are  word-signs 
already  given  in  previous  lessons. 

45.  Final  t  and  d  following  r,  /,  u,  u,  or  oo  are  ex- 
pressed in  a  similar  manner  by  their  upstrokes,  two  and 
three  grades,  respectively.  We  write  also  final  irst  with 
upstroke  t. 


cart 


card 


old        salute        rude 


thirst 


Remark:  The  disconnected  e  stroke  is  employed  to  dis- 
tinguish between  a  few  similar  forms  illustrated  in  the  Writing 
Exercises,  as  suit  and  suet,  guard  and  garret. 


NATURAL    SHORTHAND 


46.  Elongating:  a  consonant  one  grade  adds  t,  two 
grades.  <7.  T  of  the  combination  //  is  struck  upward  two 
grades. 


wren       rent       rend 


print 

*7- 


sand       dreamt 


kept       tact        strict      text 


lift 


graft 


47.  Elongating  In  and  oin  one  grade  expresses  \nt, 
oint;  elongating  In  two  grades  signifies  Ind.  Compare 
Par.  38. 


pint 


kind 


mind 


joint 


Remark:  In  order  to  render  words  written  according  to 
this  aud  the  following  paragraph  still  more  characteristic  and 
speedy,  let  the  double  curve  of  the  endings  show  a  decided 
little  jog  as  in  the  illustrations. 

48.  Elongating  own  one  grade  expresses  cwnt 
(ount),  two  grades,  ownd  (ound).  Compare  Par.  39. 


mount        mound 


hound         pound         ground 


Remark:  For  the  sake  of  easy  execution,  we  write  the 
forms  for  fount  and  found  with  the  Tnt  and  Ind  curves,  re- 
spectively. Insert  the  ow  dot  above  found  to  distinguish  it 
from  find.  See  Writing  Exercise. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


43 


49.  The  ending  ed  expressing  the  past  tense  is  re- 
presented by  a  small  backward  curve.  Distinguish  be- 
tween the  past  tense  of  some  verbs  and  the  adjectives 
derived  therefrom,  as  in  learned,  learned'. 

rented    carried    erred  tossed     learned    learned' 


50. 


GENERAL    EXERCISE 


/y  /? 


-  -Q/-.-- 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


Net,  Ned,  let,  led,  set,  said,  hit,  hid,  writ,  rid,  write,  ride, 
height,  hide,  at,  add,  pat,  pad,  got,  God,  nut,  rut,  taught, 
Nettie,  solid,  rocket,  hatchet,  budget,  bonnet;  par.  45:  start, 
lard,  colt,  cold,  told,  tardy,  alto,  flirt,  shirt,  bird,  dirt,  dearth, 
foot,  root,  suit,  suet,  guard,  garret,  worst,  burst;  par.  46: 
lent,  lend,  grant,  went,  ant,  candy,  pant,  pantry,  apt,  act,  cor- 
rect, practice,  soft,  aloft,  left,  theft,  swift,  drift,  craft,  shaft; 
par.  47:  bind,  blind,  hind,  rind,  find,  point;  par.  48:  bound, 
round,  fount,  found;  par.  49:  hinted,  lamed,  sinned,  laughed, 
dashed,  rested,  knocked,  passed,  leased,  reached,  laid,  mar- 
ried, mowed,  glued,  mourned. 


ALPHABETICAL    LIST  OF   WORD-SIGNS 

51.  The  following  is  a  list  of  simple  word-signs  ar- 
ranged alphabetically.  The  words  presented  are  of  fre- 
quent occurrence,  hence  the  necessity  of  committing  them 
to  memory.  This  is  best  accomplished  by  frequently 
copying,  and  writing  from  dictation  Exercise  52,  which 
contains  them  all. 

Remarks:  In  a  few  instances,  a  single  word-sign  is  used 
to  represent  more  than  one  word,  as  a,  and — be,  by.  Such  words, 
however,  belong  to  different  parts  of  speech,  hence  will  not 
give  rise  to  confusion.  The  signs  for  that,  those,  this  and 
these  are  struck  downward,  those  for  other  and  would,  up- 
ward. The  word-signs  of  this  list  agree  with  the  rules  so  far 
presented. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


a,  an                       ^ 

back                      <f 

could                   s 

about                     / 

bank                      ^ 

count                   /" 

above                    ^ 

because                £ 

complete        aS? 

after                     </ 

be,  by                   / 

dear                    </ 

again                      °? 

been                       ^ 

did                     /- 

against 

before                  c/ 

difficult             £j 

ago                    •-*  —  ' 

best                       /? 

direct               /^r 

all                          O 

better                    ^ 

do                       / 

already                 G 

between              x^ 

done                  X- 

am                       .^  . 

book                     / 

equal              ^-^ 

among                 r^J 

but,  us                  <^ 

ever,-y       ^  ,  -^~ 

and,  a                   ^ 

can                       c- 

favor                    9 

another                  o? 

certain                s-r° 

first                     7 

any                         2-- 

charge                  o/o 

for                       c 

as                        ^-—  s 

collect                 C-/ 

friend                 /? 

ask                         J 

come                      X2' 

from                c_^ 

<c 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


full                       <—  > 

it                           ^ 

most                   2^ 

general                  y? 

just                       <?• 

must                    ^ 

give                      £• 

keep                    f^~ 

much                    ^ 

glad                       £ 

knowledge          <Lx? 

never                  ?*• 

good                     /" 

last                       G. 

next                      / 

great                     of 

letter                    / 

not                        7 

hand                      E 

like                        7- 

n't 

have                      .  ?  . 

long                        ^ 

nothing                 7 

has                        (7i 

love                      c?-^ 

number                /^ 

had                       6 

make                      2 

o'clock              "~f 

he,  how                 7 

man                        c 

of                         -- 

here,   hear           o? 

mail                     g/ 

on 

his                          3 

many                    X^- 

one 

him                      £" 

me                         7 

other                  / 

ln 

month                      2 

our 

is                            o 

more                      ^ 

out                   .—  -  — 

NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


47 


over                    —  o 

small                     *~J 

this,  these       )  y  •> 

past                      6 

some,  sum           ^r-^ 

then,  than          A" 

person                  ^ 

soon                       "7 

them                /  — 

place                    /? 

south                    ,-/ 

there,  their       </* 

please                  ^ 

special                   7^ 

therefore          of 

put                         / 

speak                     -£ 

they                   /° 

railroad              rP—' 

stand                      ?^ 

think                /^ 

railway                ey 

strong                 <,£-_ 

to.  too                  / 

same                    sY 

study                    7^ 

together            ^ 

school                  07 

sure                     /-^ 

through              4? 

several                 ^ 

such                       ST> 

trust                  ^ 

shall                    ^l 

take                       X' 

under                  3 

should                /O 

tell                       ^ 

very                  a^ 

ship                   —  v" 

thank                     df 

was                 v  o 

short                  S9 

the                          o 

want                 <  —  ' 

shorthand         ^T> 

that,  those       c  ,  c 

we                   

48 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


well                       9 

which                     / 

word                  /> 

were                      ^ 

who                      —  — 

worth                 s> 

what 

will 

work                  rf 

where                    <^ 

with                        (^ 

would            -^ 

52.                           READING  EXERCISE 

X"      -        7     ' 


</    9    . 


A    *-. 


X. 


o 


9 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


&   9      2.      ^#  CLS   .  '     OS      '    ^ 

/^    7  o   x7  r  •  —  ,   J? 


z  />  .  ^   //  , 


/~0       ~^?      O  _  ->      O      0         S 


/ 


WRITING   EXERCISE 

53.  Try,  try  again.  He-who  laughs  last,  laughs  best. 
The  boys  too,  did  study  their  task  with-a  will;  they-are 
bound  to-make  good.  Tell  him  it-will-be  difficult  to  ship 
them  another  lot  of-the  same  goods  after-the  first  of  May. 


60  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

Many  thanks  for-the  great  favor.  It-is  already  over-a 
month-ago  that  we  shipped  you  a  complete  line  of  silk  dress 
goods.  Why  then  do-we-not  hear-f rom-you  ?  Please  pay  up 
at-the  bank,  and-that  very-soon.  Do  as  you-would-be  done  by. 
Speak  that  which  you-know  is  true.  Much  ado  about  nothing. 
Short  words  and  numbers  are  better  to-the  point  than  long, 
difficult  ones.  I-am-glad  to-say  the  man  had  just  come  back 
here  to-see  his  friend.  None  but-the  best.  Be-sure  to-mail 
every  letter  together  with-what  boxes  our  doorkeeper  may 
give  you.  I-must  buy  these  goods,  and  shall  put  you  in-charge 
of-the  storage.  The  copies  wanted  were  well  cared  for  under 
a  separate  lock.  Because  of  lack  of  time  they-should-not  like 
to-be  put  to-any  such  work  just-now.  Give  me  the  name  that 
was  asked  for,  also  that  of-the  other  person.  These  wares  are 
very  fine,  handmade  throughout,  and  must-be  sold  within  two 
days.  However  difficult,  the  Railroad-Company  is  certain  to- 
run  a  special  train  direct  south  to-several  places  on-the  Wa- 
bash  railway.  Before  he  left  Detroit  he  could-have  shipped  us 
the  above  dry-goods.  I-trust  you-will  next  collect  the  small 
sum  in-full.  Better  late  than  never.  I-think  the  several  ac- 
counts have-been  paid  at-the  bank  at  half  past  one  o'clock. 
Take  nothing  for  granted.  We-love  those  most  that  are  dear 
to  us.  Equal  rights  to  all-  This  life  is-a  great  school  where 
knowledge  is  worth  more-than  riches  Shorthand  in-general 
writes  all  words  by  sound.  We-say  "among  many  persons,  but 
between  two  friends."  Where  there-is-a  will,  there-is-a  way. 
Stand  fast  therefore,  and  strike  out  with-a  strong  arm  against- 
the  folly  of  "I-can't  do  it." 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  81; 

LESSON    6 

GENERAL  ENDINGS 

54.  The  principle  of  invariably  expressing  all  ac- 
cented vowels  by  their  particular,  individual  characters, 
and  all  unaccented,  obscure  vowels  either  by  their  own 
characters  or  by  their  nearest  equivalents,  applies  es- 
pecially to  words  having  endings.  Thus  the  vowels  o  in 
roller  (roller).  S  in  cellar  (seller),  i  in  mirror  (mirrer), 
o  in  chorus  (korus),  5  in  oral  (oral),  being  accented,  are 
always  and  invariably  expressed  by  their  own,  particular 
characters,  while  the  e,  a,  o,  u,  a,  being  unaccented,  ob- 
scure, are  represented  by  the  closely  related  and  highly 
practical  sign  for  e. 

roller         cellar         mirror        chorus        oral 


Remark:  It  will  be  observed  that  we  substitute  only  two 
unaccented  vowels,  u,  (e)  and  a,  by  another  unaccented 
vowel,  namely  e.  Accented  vowels  are  never  substituted,  in- 
terchanged by  another  vowel. 

55.  Medially,  unaccented  vowels  are  expressed,  and 
that  by  their  own  individual  characters.  Excepted  is 
unaccented  u  (e),  as  in  balustrade,  opera,  which  is  ex- 
pressed also  medially  by  e,  its  nearest  equivalent.  The 


62  NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 

exceptions  are  rare.    Compare  the  unaccented  vowels  in 
final  syllables,  paragraph  54. 

notary     decorate     saturate     balustrade     opera 


56.  Referring  to  paragraph  54,  we  omit  the  unac- 
cented vowel  occurring  after  a  downstroke  or  upstroke 
(t,  d)  consonant  followed  by  final  r  or  L 

manner     tenor     treasure     latter     triple     saddle 
.20.   .    .  /9.  .  .  STd  .   -   .  of.  ..  <.  .  .  ^/.. 


Remark:  Considerations  for  brevity  and  fluency  of  writ- 
ing prompt  us  to  write  the  forms  for  trousers,  misery,  desert, 
generous,  lantern,  and  similar  words  given  in  the  Exercises. 
according  to  this  rule.  The  forms  are  slightly  exceptional, 
the  r  not  being  final. 

57.  Final  /  may  be  omitted  in  polysyllables;  likewise 
in  trisyllables  and  dissyllables  of  frequent  occurrence  or 
of  characteristic  form.  Similarly  we  omit  final  r  follow- 
ing dh  (th).  Words  ending  on  sJ  join  the  I  above  the  s. 

trisyllable     cardinal     trouble     mother     tres(t)l(e) 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  53 

58.  The  ending  en  (an,  on,  in)  is  expressed  by  aux- 
iliary n  Elongating  the  en  ending  one  grade  expresses 
en£  (ant,  out,  \nt)  -,  two  grades,  end,  (and,  ond,  ind). 

den      Herman      lesson      cabin      pardon     ration 


ten        tent        tend  men        meant        mend 

59.  The  termination  tion  (sion)  following  a  vowel  is 
always  written  in  full  when  occurring  in  dissyllables.  In 
trisyllables  we  express  it  by  the  en  ending  together  with 
the  preceding  vowel,  and  in  polysyllables,  by  the  en 
ending  only. 

station     donation     solution     animation     locomotion 


60.  The  termination  nee  (nse)  is  represented  by  a 
dot  formed  with  an  evolute  motion,  that  is  to  the  right. 
The  unaccented  vowels  e,  i,  preceding  this  and  similar 
endings,  can  often  be  omitted. 

dance     sense     quince     Florence     Lawrence     ounce 
_  6-  -    -    -v  .       .  fC  . 


science        tower        fewer       satiate        Italian 

Remark:  Generally  speaking,  we  do  not  express  the  y 
sound  in  words  like  Italian,  brilliant,  vineyard.  However,  it 
may  be  expressed,  especially  in,  proper  names  like  Rudyard. 
by  striking  y  through  the  character  following  it.  Compare 
also  cannon  and  canyon.  See  Writing  Exercises. 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


61.  Adverbial  ly  is   represented  by  a  dot   formed 
with  an  involute  motion,  that  is  to  the  left.     Final  ing 
is  expressed  by   a   disconnected  dot.     Note  final   ings, 
ingly,  and  ington.    Both  ly  and  ing  can  often  be  omitted 
in  fast  writing. 

nearly      richly      nicely      sadly      highly      lowly 
.7*  ,    .    t>>^  .   .   .  2*  _   .    i/.    .     .  2,  .   .    .  C*  - 

thing    knowing  lodging  sayings  knowingly  Washington 
-  A   .    .  "?-^'-  .    .  Q^o .   .   /-/".  .   .   .  t-s'.  .   .    .  *-sr/~.  . 

62.  GENERAL  EXERCISE 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


55 


^  - 


<^  - 


<2- 


€?      & 


01 


Seller,  dealer,  similar,  collar,  color,  terror,  horror,  moral, 
bonus,  pious,  famous,  joyous;  par.  55:  rotary,  salary,  tyranny, 
rectorate,  licorice,  pastoral,  maturate,  camera;  par.  56:  sister, 
differ,  offer,  foster,  suffer,  usher,  liquor,  leisure,  patter,  motor, 
shelter,  murder,  daughter,  lighter,  writer,  literature,  maple, 
panel,  marshal,  baffle,  mantel,  triple,  couple,  social,  capsule, 
hostile,  mobile,  settle,  settler,  rattle,  rattler,  total,  turtle,  title, 
trousers,  nippers,  scissors,  slippers,  misery,  mystery,  cream- 
ery, scenery,  desert,  hazard,  custard,  shepherd,  generous,  oner- 
ous, lantern,  western,  pattern;  par.  57:  monosyllable,  syllable, 
disciple,  official,  initial,  miracle,  able,  travel,  trifle,  further  far- 
ther, father,  brother,  gather,  rather,  Arthur,  wrestle,  parcel,  ton- 
sil; par.  58:  when,  open,  weapon,  ribbon,  Stephen,  captain,  Ger- 
man, Sherman,  session,  dozen,  season,  parson,  cotton,  written, 


66  NATURAL.  SHORTHANU 

tighten,  matron,  patron,  stolen,  glycerin,  station,  stationer. 
stationery,  talent,  parent,  peasant,  sent,  spent,  patent,  urgent, 
tolerant,  tenant,  send,  spend,  garland,  almond,  tender;  par.  59: 
narration,  allusion,  position,  fascination,  meditation, 
termination,  litigation,  origination;  par.  60:  lens,  es- 
sence, offense,  license,  prince,  lance,  Clarence,  dunce,  tense, 
radiance,  nuisance,  layer,  mower,  towel,  radiate,  onion,  bril- 
liant, vineyard,  Rudyard,  cannon,  canyon;  par.  61:  daily, 
mostly,  shortly,  nightly,  Manley,  selling,  trying,  writing,  do- 
ings, sparingly,  Wellington. 

63.  READING   EXERCISE 


f 

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o    /    &$_      Qj 

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6?    o   (/?     X. 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND  67 


<>    L     />  .  > 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

64.  Knowledge  is  power.  An  apt  and  diligent  pupil 
is-the  teacher's  joy.  Life  is-not  so  short,  but  there-is 
always  time  for  courtesy.  Checks  and  drafts  are  cashed 
by-the  bank.  Talking  without  thinking  is  like  shoot- 
ing without  aiming.  To-save  time  is  to  lengthen  life. 
Violent  passion  shortens  your  life.  Guard  your  tongue, 
for  words  often  do  great  harm.  Saying  and  doing  are 
two  things.  The  passenger  train  left  the  station  very 
late.  The  choir  sang  a  hymn  after-the  sermon.  The 
rose  is  styled  the  queen  of  flowers.  Never  mind  the 
future;  you-are  to-master  the  task  before-you. 

Dear-Sir:*  Last-night  we  shipped  by  special  fast 
freight  two  dozen  tailor-made  men's  suits  partly  scorch- 
ed in-a  recent  fire,  and  offer  the  lot  for  $90  net.  We- 
trust  you-will  keep  the  goods  at-that  price.  We- 
shall  give  you  ten  days  time. 

Yours-truly, 


58  NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 

Dear-Sirs :  In-reply-to-your-letter*  we-should-say 
that  the  goods  are  hurt  more-than  stated.  The  color  has 
suffered  throughout,  and-the  collars  of -more-than  a  dozen 
coats  are  torn  off.  Also  several  trousers  are  in  bad 
shape.  Allow  us  thirty  days  and  we-shall  pay  you  in 
due  time. 

Truly-yours, 


*To  meet  the  demands  of  such  urging  an  extended  list  of 
word-signs  we  have  added  at  the  end  of  the  book,  an  Appendix 
consisting  of  additional  word-signs  and  phrases.  In  a  few 
instances  we  have  embodied  a  convenient  form  in  the  Exer- 
cises. 


NATURAL,    SHORTHAND 


LESSON    7 

GROUPING   OF   CONSONANTS 

65.     In  writing  consonant  groups  simply  join  the 
second  character  where  the  first  ends. 

kidney      napkin      stagnant      lymph      Webster 


66.  We  express  mp  by  a  small  downstroke,  and  in- 
dicate mb  by  placing  a  downstroke  tick  above  &.  The 
tick  can  often  be  omitted. 

limp         camp         trump        timber        bombard 


67.  Sk  following  a  downstroke  is  indicated  by  pla- 
cing a  dot  above  such  stroke.  In  practical  work  the  dot 
is  generally  omitted.  We  omit  p  when  between  m  and  I. 

mansion        section        adoption        empty        prompt 


68.  Compound  words  are  often  written  in  full. 
When  they  admit  of  abbreviation,  write  the  first  word 
in  full  and  indicate  the  remainder  by  the  first  character 
or  characters.  When  consisting  of  word-signs  only, 
simply  join  them. 


CO  NATURAL.   SHORTHAND 


highway    nowadays    semiannual    hereafter    sometime 


Remark:  Compound  words  should  be  connected  if  such 
can  be  done  with  facility  and  without  detriment  to  legibility; 
otherwise  write  them  separately,  but  close  together.  In  com- 
pounds and  in  phrases  we  express  time  by  ti. 

69.  Polysyllables  having  neither  prefixes  nor  suf- 
fixes can  often  be  abbreviated  by  omitting  the  final  sylla- 
ble or  syllables,  especially  if  the  latter  directly  succeed 
principal  <  or  d.  In  other  words,  write  only  as  much  as 
will  be  necessary  to  suggest  the  word  when  transcribing. 

material     hotel     academy     children     economy 


Remark:  This  rule  generally  applies  to  words  of  more 
than  two  syllables.  However,  since  many  words  the  initial 
syllable  or  syllables  of  which  peculiar  to  themselves  only,  are 
sufficiently  and  characteristically  indicated  by  such  syllables. 
it  is  permissible  to  extend  the  application  of  this  rule  to 
words  of  but  two  syllables,  and  sometimes  to  monosyllables, 
also. 

70.  GENERAL  EXERCISE 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND  61 


t, 


Sidney,  Edmund,  catkin,  acme,  Agnes,  signature,  cam- 
phor, remnant,  nymph,  songster,  lobster,  monster;  par.  66: 
lamp,  stamp,  damp,  hemp,  jump,  mumps,  thump,  cramps, 
dumped,  umpire,  simple,  example,  lumber,  nimble,  thimble; 
par.  67:  option,  caption,  mention,  transient,  essential,  func- 
tion, action,  fraction,  suction,  auction,  diction,  dictionary, 
temptation;  par.  68:  daybook,  copybook,  baseball,  master- 
piece, midnight,  beefsteak,  breakfast,  shortsighted,  typewriter, 
pastime,  thanksgiving,  bookkeeping,  birthday,  namesday,  by- 
law, first-rate,  headache,  no  one,  someone,  anyone,  anyway, 
everywhere,  evermore,  whenever,  however,  whichever,  for- 
ever, wherever,  everyone,  everlasting,  upon,  herein,  hereby, 
hereupon,  therein,  thereafter,  thereupon,  thereby,  thereto, 
thereof,  thereat,  whereto,  whereabout,  whereupon,  whereby, 
whereas,  whereat,  wherein,  whereon,  elsewhere;  par.  69: 
pneumonia,  neuralgia,  monopoly,  boulevard,  arithmetic,  manu- 
facture, Episcopal,  Presbyterian,  multiply,  cultivate,  natural, 
Germany,  character,  pupil,  Hubert,  Bernard,  Albert,  girl, 
stood. 


62  NATURAL   SHORTHAND 

PHRASING 

71.  Another  auxiliary  in  the  way  of  obtaining  great- 
er speed  is  the  practice  of  phraseography,  that  is  the 
joining  of  small  words  that  are  naturally  and  grammati- 
cally closely  connected.    Phrasing  is  of  great  advantage 
to  the  shorthand  writer,  as  writing  several  words  with- 
out raising  the  pen  adds  much  to  rapidity. 

The  phrases  presented  in  this  lesson,  being  regular 
phrases  ( See  Par.  73 ) ,  need  not  be  memorized.  Copying 
them  intelligently  several  times  will  suffice. 

72.  But  few  particulars  regarding  the  formation  of 
phrases  can  be  given.    As  with  many  other  things,  a  fine 
sense  of  discrimination  guided  by  the  experience  and  ob- 
servation of  others  is  also  here  the  best  teacher.     How- 
ever, mark  the  following: 

1.  Words  to  be  phrased  must  belong  to  the  same  part 
of  the  sentence,  with  no  punctuation  marks  between. 

2.'  No  phrase  should  be  written  unless  the  several 
forms  join  readily  and  legibly. 

3.  Prefix  the  personal  pronouns  to  auxiliary  verbs, 
and  when  practical,  also  to  other  verbs  of  frequent  oc- 
currence, as  I  am,  you  have,  we  do,  they  say. 

4.  Prefix  in,  to,  for,  of  and  similar  short  words  to 
word-forms  permitting  of  easy  connection,  as  in  turn, 
to  be,  for  that,  of  this.    Do  not  join  to  to  nouns,  nor  of 
to  verbs. 

5.  Suffix  a  and  the  similarly ;  the  last  named  on  the 
side  opposite  to  that  on  which  final  r  would  be  placed,  as 
on  a. 

6.  When  in  doubt  as  to  the  correctness  or  usefulness 
of  a  phrase,  do  not  phrase. 


NATURAL.  SHORTHAND 


«1 


REGULAR  PHRASES 

73.  We  distinguish  between  regular  and  irregular 
phrases.  Regular  phrases  comprise  such  in  which  words 
or  word-signs  are  simply  joined  together.  Irregular 
phrases  (See  Par.  104),  in  which  one  or  several  words 
constituting  the  phrase,  are  either  contracted  or  entirely 
omitted. 


I  have,  he  has,  she  has,  it  has,  we  have,  you  have,  they 
have,  I  had,  he  had,  it  had,  we  had,  you  had,  they  had,  I  have 
had,  it  has  had,  I  am,  he  is,  she  is,  it  is,  we  are,  you  are,  they 
are,  I  was,  he  was,  it  was,  we  were,  you  were,  they 
were,  I  would,  he  would,  it  would,  we  would,  you  would,  they 
would,  I  will,  he  will,  it  will,  we  will,  you  will,  they  will,  I 
shall,  he  shall,  it  shall,  we  shall,  you  shall,  they  shall,  I 
should,  we  should,  I  have  been,  I  had  been,  I  would  be,  I  will 
be,  I  shall  be,  I  should  be,  I  can  be,  I  have  not,  I  had  not,  I 
am  not,  I  will  not,  I  shall  not,  I  can  not  be,  I  would  not  be,  I 
have  not  been,  I  had  not  been. 


64  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

74.          ADDITIONAL   REGULAR   PHRASES 

7       ^T-^ 


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6         6 


C          » 


I  may,  I  may  be,  I  may  have,  I  may  not,  I  may  not  be,  I 
may  not  have,  I  may  have  had,  I  may  have  been,  I  may  not 
have  been,  I  might,  I  might  be,  I  might  have,  I  might  not  be, 
I  might  not  have,  I  might  have  been,  I  might  not  have  been, 
is  not,  he  is  not,  has  not,  he  has  not,  he  was  not,  will  not,  he 
will  not,  he  should  not,  could  not,  I  do  not,  have  I,  have  you, 
had  I,  had  you,  am  I,  are  you,  was  I,  were  you,  would  I,  would 
you,  shall  I,  shall  you,  it  is,  is  it,  there  is,  there  are,  and  a, 
and  the,  on  a,  after  a,  after  the,  by  a,  by  the,  to  a,  to  the,  with 
a,  with  the,  with  you,  with  that,  with  it,  from  a,  from  the,  for 
a,  for  the,  for  you,  for  that,  on  you,  from  you,  to  this,  to  that, 
at  all,  not  at  all,  sometime,  sometimes. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


65 


75. 


READING  EXERCISE 


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2 

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«6  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

WRITING    EXERCISE 

76.  The  idle  agent  lost  his  position.  Talent  alone 
cannot  make  a  writer.  More  character,  less  knowledge, 
is-the  cry  nowadays.  We-know  what  we-are,  but-not 
what  we-may-be.  The  more  haste,  the  less  speed.  Do- 
not  stand  in-the  rear,  come  to-the  front.  No-one  is-a 
fool  always,  every-one  sometimes.  The  mind  is-the  stand- 
ard of-man.  Nothing  will  come  of-nothing.  It-may-be 
that  the  name  in-the  letter  has-been  given  correctly 
after-all.  However,  since  the  officers  cannot-be-said  to- 
have-seen  the  offender  in-person,  it-will-be  best  to  take 
up  the  matter  later-on.  We-may-not-have  great  talent, 
yet  we-should-have  the  ambition  of  working,  of  striving 
f  or-the  first  place. 

Sir:  On-the  Ist-inst.  we-sent  you  our  catalogue  of 
summer  goods  and  quoted  special  prices  on  hosiery  and 
light  underwear.  Why  do-we-not  hear-f rom-you  ?  The 
goods  are-the  best  that  can-be-had  for-the  money  and- 
the  price  is  very  low.  We-have-sent  word  to-our  agent 
who-is  just-now  traveling  in-your  state,  to-stop  at-your 
town  and  call  on-you  with  samples  of-the  goods  men- 
tioned. "We-have  no  hesitation  making  an  allowance  for- 
cash  and  shall  ship  the  goods  promptly.  We-trust  to-be 
favored  with-some  orders.  Thanking  you  for-all  past 
favors,  we-are 

Yours-truly, 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


LESSON   8 

SUFFIXES  AND  TERMINATIONS 

77.  The  most  frequent  suffixes  and  terminations  are 
expressed  by  abbreviated  forms  which  accommodate 
themselves  to  the  final  character  of  the  root-word.* 

Remark:  With  the  exception  of  Ing  (Par.  61),  all  suf- 
fixes and  terminations  in  Natural  Shorthand  connect  with  the 
root-word  —  a  speed-giving  quality. 

able;     suitable     durable     honorable     tolerable     lovable 


ible,  uble;    legible    terrible    sensible    horrible    soluble 

^        S 


acy:    primacy      pharmacy      piracy       legacy       lunacy 
^       «4 


*A  root-word  is  a  word  from  which  other  words  are  de- 
rived. Thus  assign,  assigns,  assigned,  assigning,  assigner, 
assignable,  consign,  consignment,  design,  resign,  signer,  are 
all  derived  from  the  root-word  sign.  Similarly,  finer,  finest, 
finely,  finery,  refine,  refinery,  from  fine.  That  which  precedes 
the  root-word  is  termed  prefix,  that  which  follows,  suffix  or 
termination. 


68  NATURAL   SHORTHAND 

age:      drainage      damage      message      village      cottage 

o  4  ^  ^o  <#>  <~S 

am,  em,  im,  um  :       madam       item       maxim  costume 


ioufi,   itioufi:   fallacious    rapacious   nutritious   officious 


body:  somebody  nobody   anybody   dom:  seldom,  wisdom 

-UL     ^^     /  '     # 


cne     (ine)  :    serene    marine    machine    routine    ravine 
_  ^^          &-         ?s\         o^T         *S 

cer  (ier)  :  cashier  pioneer  frontier  auctioneer  grenadier 
o 


eral  :       literal       liberal        erate  :       literate        liberate 

9 


est:        nicest        greatest        shortest       lightest        doest 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND  69 

fold:     twofold     manifold     form:     Inform  multiform 

*C          **-          t            4  ** 

fnl:      trustful      careful      manful      hood:  knighthood 


yrapli  :  telegrnph  phonograph  gram:  telegram  phonogram 


ic:     topic     lyric     critic     ical     (icle)  :     musical     icicle 

<v   ^    -^^     v  *      ri 

icity  :      simplicity      duplicity      ization  :      mobilization 


idity.     acidity     rapidity     solidity     lucidity     rigidity 


iou&  (eous)  :  serious    curious    copious    glorious  hideous 


(unaccented)  :  Irish  Scottish  nourish  lavish    stylish 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


ism:     prism     baptism     truism     asm:     spasm    sarcasm 


ist:       tourist       druggist       florist       artist        Baptist 


itude:    altitude    latitude    solitude    gratitude    servitude 


ity    (ety)  :    probity    purity     brevity     gayety    sanctity 


ability,  ibility,  utility:  probability  possibility  solubility 


ive:      motive      festive       passive       captive  sanative 

LX  /?  ^  <?  xv^/ 

less:       senseless       aimless       careless       let:       booklet 
/  ^  /?  &  /  & 

ling:      hireling      darling      land:      Ireland  Scotland 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  71 


logy:    theology     biology    zoology     physiology    geologic 


mnit  :    salesman    horseman    many,    ceremony    alimony 
Z 


ment  :   payment  shipment  moment  treatment   vestment 


:  sadness  politeness  tenderness  nearness  manliness 

7 


ory:    offertory     memory    dormitory    orial:    senatorial 


o?<s    (us)  :    famous    nervous    joyous    luscious    vicious 

s>  /?>  ?y  g-r         o^r        <^^v 

self:     yourself     himself     themselves     thing:     anything 
'V  vv  ^-v  /  —  *->  >-• 

ship-,    ownership    friendship    teen:    thirteen    nineteen 


72  NATURAL.     SHORTHAND 


some  :  handsome  tiresome  gladsome  lonesome  troublesome 


urn  (om)  :  autumn  bottom  column  ward:  onward  Edward 

/     .-J     J 


COMPOUND  SUFFIXES 

78.  Owing  to  the  fluent  and  characteristic  forms  for 
our  suffixes,  compound  suffixes  connect  with  the  same 
facility  as  the  simple  ones. 

useless    uselessly    uselessness    festivity    terribly 


79.  The  forms  for  the  endings  ular,  ulate,  ulence, 
ulent,  uloit.fi.  ulutn,  ual  are  obtained  by  simply  omitting 
the  1. 

angular    modulate    turbulence    stimulant    populous 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


73 


80.  The  suffixes  ality  and  ility  are  generally  ex- 
pressed by  al  and  il,  respectively.  We  omit  the  syllables 
ed  and  i  preceding' the  suffix  ness. 

morality    vitality    fatality    rascality    totality 


docility       civility     hostility  tiredness     happiness 


81.  Words  ending  in  suffixes  or  terminations  can  be 
abbreviated  by  omitting  the  final  character  or  characters 
of  the  root-word,  and  adding  the  suffix. 

miscellaneous  unanimous  locomotive  citizenship  eternity 


82.  In  words  like  amber,  atlas  we  raise  initial  a 
above  the  line,  that  it  may  not  interfere  with  r  and  1, 
respectively.  Similarly,  if  the  vowel  i  occurs  in  two 
successive  syllables,  we  rest  the  downstroke  following 
the  second  i.  upon  the  line.  This  gives  us  greater  line- 
ality. 

amber       atlas       visitation       diligen-t       Erin 


83.     Numbers  are  best  expressed  by  the  ordinary 
figures,    except    ten,    hundred,    thousand,    and    million, 


74  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

which  should  be  rendered  by  their  stenographic  forms. 
We  express  cents  by  s,  dollars  by  d,  pounds  (weight  or 
money)  by  p. 

Ic      $10      $200      $6000      $7000000      800  Ibs. 
/o         L/        2  ?/         /*/  7  W  f  W 

84  Proper  names  should  be  written  according  to 
sound.  Observe  the  German  (Scotch)  ch,  the  French 
and  German  u,  the  French  nasal  n,  and  the  German  pf, 
tich,  and  ;'.  We  may  also  distinguish  between  s,  z,  and  c. 
Compare  paragraph  16. 

0  'Donovan    McMaster    Loch    Dubois    Mueller    Monch 


Bon     Pfarrer     Joseph     Zimmer     Cimmer     Schneider 


Remarks:  Final  t  or  d  in  proper  names  may  be  struck 
downward,  and  double  consonants  may  be  expressed  by  shad- 
ing. as  in  Hit,  Reed.  Peters,  Mann.  (See  Exercises).  —  When 
used  as  initials,  express  A  by  y  .  E  by  ^  ,  and  Y  by  c  . 
Note  in  this  paragraph  the  special  characters  for  z  and  c,  to 
be  employed  also  as  initials. 

85.  Similar  to  ordinary  writing,  many  words  of  fre- 
quent occurrence  are  represented  by  their  most  character- 
istic elements  only.  In  determining  abbreviations  and 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


contractions,  employ  the  initial  characters  chiefly  as  they 
suggest  the  full  word  most  quickly. 

Mr.        Mrs.       Ave.       St.        Pa.        Mo.        I'll 
£  £>  y  ?          t          O          J? 

86.     The  months  of  the  year,  and  the  days  of  the 
week. 

<2-^       /         (SK>       ^        2        O)         O~       ^—f      s->S      ^-/^ 


87. 


/> 


c/ 


GENERAL  EXERCISE 


>7 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 


*/ 


A— 


NATURAL.  SHORTHAND  77 

Payable,  liable,  probable,  favorable,  notable,  bearable, 
laughable,  passable,  possible,  visible,  fallacy,  delicacy,  cab- 
bage, courage,  cartage,  Adam,  William,  Graham,  system,  sera- 
phim, fume,  spacious,  tenacious,  audacious,  capricious,  sediti- 
ous, auspicious,  everybody,  kingdom,  sateen,  Irene,  canoneer, 
volunteer,  mineral,  lateral,  moderate,  operate,  tolerate,  gener- 
ate, smallest,  latest,  highest,  finest,  richest,  threefold,  sixfold, 
vermiform,  chloroform,  platform,  lawful,  handful,  thankful, 
dreadful,  graceful,  useful,  painful,  boyhood,  girlhood,  photo- 
graph, paragraph,  lithograph,  geography,  biography,  stenogra- 
pher, epigram,  monogram,  chronic,  terrific,  attic,  graphic, 
panic,  cubic,  Eric,  music,  Patrick,  Frederick,  nickel,  tickle, 
pickle,  radical,  chronicle,  causticity,  civilization,  pulverization, 
timidity,  stupidity,  cupidity,  courteous,  various,  spurious, 
furious,  studious,  duteous,  piteous,  tedious,  foolish,  flourish, 
vanish,  boyish,  girlish,  brutish,  peevish,  heroism,  chasm, 
organist,  dentist,  scientist,  solicitude,  beatitude,  sanity,  parity, 
lenity,  celerity,  security,  levity,  scarcity,  gravity,  capability, 
pliability,  tenability,  durability,  notability,  suitability,  legibili- 
ty, volubility,  native,  sportive,  missive,  massive,  possessive, 
talkative,  tearless,  endless,  seamless,  nameless,  faithless, 
speechless,  numberless,  useless,  noiseless,  peerless,  bracelet, 
streamlet,  hamlet,  nurseling,  stripling,  weakling,  dumpling, 
highland,  lowland,  Portland,  etymology,  phrenology,  Scotch- 
man, Irishman,  brakeman,  testimony,  matrimony,  basement, 
statement,  element,  aliment,  measurement,  sediment,  testa- 
ment, goodness,  greatness,  gladness,  smallness,  whiteness, 
alertness,  idleness,  history,  hickory,  lavatory,  territory,  terri- 
torial, pictorial,  precious,  pious,  righteous,  jealous,  cautious, 
momentous,  pompous,  treacherous,  census,  herself,  itself,  my- 
self, everything,  something,  scholarship,  township,  fourteen, 
irksome,  winsome,  loathsome,  album,  quorum,  custom,  forum, 
symptom,  backward,  outward,  upward,  towards,  forward,  in- 
ward; par.  78:  careless,  carelessness,  carefully,  amiably, 


78 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


0-7 


e> 


*-£> 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


cleanliness,  foolishness,  serviceableness,  captivity,  penman- 
ship; par.  79:  singular,  regular,  stimulate,  ambulance,  opulent, 
sedulous,  masculine,  manual,  mutual,  population,  formulation; 
par.  80:  locality,  legality,  bestiality,  geniality,  neutrality, 
ability,  stability,  nobility,  utility,  servility,  moral,  morality, 
total,  totality,  legal,  legality,  noble,  nobility,  servile,  servility, 
crookedness,  easiness,  sauciness,  sleepiness,  haughtiness,  lazi- 
ness; par.  81:  monotonous,  poisonous,  monopolist,  pessimist, 
scientific,  academic,  paternity,  maternity,  maximum,  mini- 
mum, anxiety,  society,  multiplicity,  simplicity,  astronomy, 
anatomy,  botany,  punishment,  criticise,  hypnotize,  naturaliza- 
tion, harmonization,  nationality,  orginality,  fertility,  similarity, 
assiduity,  credulity,  generosity;  par.  82:  vicinity,  dirigible, 
milliner,  military,  Mississippi;  par.  83:  2d,  second,  3d,  third, 
4th,  fourth,  secondly,  secondary,  hundreds,  thousands,  million- 
aire; par.  84:  Hit,  Reed,  Peters,  Mann,  Ashton,  Garfleld,  Ban- 
croft, Cummings,  McKinley,  McNally,  O'Hara,  Hecht, 
.Schmidt;  par.  85:  Esq.,  U.  S.,  Jr.,  Sen.,  Dr.  (doctor),  C.  O. 
D.,  Mt.,  Co.,  ult.,  do.,  vol.,  Bros.,  Rev.,  memo.,  yd.,  ft.,  in.,  etc., 
No.,  bu.,  Chas.,  you're,  ma'am. 


88. 


80 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


.  ^    ./ 


/*/&-,/>. 


WRITING    EXERCISE 

89.  Mental  hesitation  is-the  greatest  drawback  in 
fast  writing.  It-is  probable  that  a  reasonable  rate-of- 
interest  will-be  charged  on-your  note  payable  the  first 
of  July.  To-be  good  for-everything  is  to-be  good  for- 
nothing.  I-think  it  possible  for-every-one  of -my  scholars 
to  train  his  hand  to-a  graceful  and  legible  style  of  writ- 
ing. A  little  learning  is-a  dangerous  thing.  Try  to-be 
something  in-the  world  and  you-will-be  something.  Geo- 
metric characters  are  more  difficult  to- write  than  graphic 
ones.  It-was  stated  in-the  message  that  the  storm  had 
caused  great  damage  to-the  cottage.  Nothing  is  trouble- 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  81 

some  that  we-do  cheerfully.  Never  wait  for-a  thing  to 
turn  up.  Go  and  turn  it  up  yourself ;  it  takes  less  time 
and-is  surer  to-be.  Before  making  payment,  the  teller 
made  the  statement  that  the  measurement  of-both  the 
basement  and-the  pavement  had-not-been  given  correct- 
ly. The  salesman  told  the  drayman  to  call  on-the  work- 
man to  assist  in-the  shipment  of -the  ornaments.  A  stren- 
uous life  and-an  open  manner  soon  made  Washington 
famous  throughout-the  land.  The  handsome  boy  and  his 
gladsome  little  sister  seemed  lonesome  since  the  death 
of  father  and  mother.  Cultivate  a  spirit  of  solicitude 
about  your  work,  banish  all  lassitude. 


READING  EXERCISE 

*     jf     </     2 . — 2^    '  srY     <    — 


zf      '    *J  .    o   ^         Z.      ff^L       ^~^'    o    e-"T___,  2-S"  O 


82  NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


*S 


TT>      d    <pd      is  y  '/  .  C  s 

^  -  ^ 
WRITING  EXERCISE 

Dear-Sir:  We-have-your-favor  of  -the  Ist-inst.  We- 
cannot-be  of  service  to-you  in  collecting  the  money  due 
you  by  Mr.  Lacy.  Mr.  Lacy  left  our  service  over  three 
weeks-ago  and  we-can-say  nothing  further  but-that  he 
still  lives  with-his  parents  at  52  Grand-  Ave. 

Yours-truly, 

Dear-Sirs:  We-have-your-letter  of  Wednesday. 
The  article  in-question  has-been  going  the  rounds  of- 
nearly  all  the  newspapers  in-the  United  States.  We-de- 
sire  to-state  that  we-have  used  and  have-had  the  right  to 
use  the  name  of  Red  Cross  for-the  past  seventeen  years. 
and  shall  bring  to  terms  any-one  trifling  with-our  copy- 
right. However,  there-is  in-the  market  another  stove 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND  83 

bearing  the  name  of  White  Cross,  which  similarity  of- 
names  may-have  caused  the  trouble.  We-do-not  think, 
the  article  in-your  paper  can  in-any  way  hurt  the  sale 
of  our  stoves  in-your  city. 

Yours-respectfully, 

Gentlemen:  We-have-your-esteemed-favor  of  recent- 
date.  In-reply-we-should-say  that  the  speed  stamped  on- 
the  motor  is-the  average  speed  when  loaded.  Of-course 
if-you  take  the  speed  without  any  load  after  it-has-been 
thoroughly  emptied,  it-will  run  considerably  higher.  As- 
to-the  balance  of-the  armature,  we-consider  your  ar- 
rangement a  good  one.  All  our  armatures  are  balanced 
in-the  very-same  manner.  We-do-not  consider  it  neces- 
sary to-send  you  another.  Trusting  this  letter  will  an- 
swer your  purpose,  we-are 

Yours-very-respectfully, 


84 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


LESSON    9 

PREFIXES 

90.  The  remarks  in  the  preceding  lesson  regarding 
the  general  character  of  the  suffixes  apply  also  to  the 
prefixes.  The  latter,  however,  are  connected  with  the 
starting  point  of  the  root-words. 

Remarks:  Both  suffixes  and  prefixes  can  at  once  be 
recognized  as  such  either  by  their  characteristic  forms,  or  by 
the  fact  that  they  are  connected  with  the  root-words  in  an 
unusual  manner.  Words  thus  written  thereby  assume  that 
general  characteristic  appearance  which  will  be  found  very 
helpful  towards  the  correct  and  fluent  reading  of  stenographic 
text.  With  the  exception  of  de,  all  our  prefixes  are  connective 
—  a  distinctive  feature  of  Natural  Shorthand. 

a  :       anew       ascent       apiece       avoid       along       aside 

*•*?  SI  *^*  —  *  S  ^5*  yO 

I/  <,  • 

flc:    accent    access    anti,  ante:  anticipation    antecedent 


ad:     adjourn     admonition     adhere     admire     adjacent 


C/Z- 


be:     beseech     beware     belief     bestow     beside     below 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  85 

con  (com,  cog)  :  consist  contrite  combination  cognizant 

3-  — 


counter,  contra,  contro:  countersign  contradict  contrary 

&  c£-  C?C_^  6r*~^  /  CT^' 

de,  di:     detach     descent     degree     destination     divide 


dis:  dislodge     discharge    dispatch     dissent    disposition 


e  :         elate         erase         educe         evolution         evince 


en  (em)  :    enjoy    enroll    environ    entangle    embarrass 


enter:    enterprise    inter,  intro:    intercourse    introduce 


:     exit     excellent     expire     expert     excite     examine 
^     ^  —        %,          )/         w_ 


86  NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 

for,  fore  :    forsake    forgive    forbear    foreshow  foresight 

g  <yrf  %--  %s>  ^"l_x  00  -- 

in  (ig,  il,  im,  ir)  :  intent  ignore  illegible  impend  irritate 
mis:    mischief      mistake     misstatement     misconception 


non:    nonsense    nonpareil    ob  (oc)  :    obtuse    occupation 

—  V 


over:  overtake     overdo  oversight  ou<  :  outdoors  outcast 


per,    pur:    persist    pertinent    purchase    post  :    postpone 


pre:    pretend      prepare     preside     precedent  .  prelude 
pro:     propose      promote      provide      prolong      process 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  87 

re:        receipt        recite        reliable        refrain        revise 

O  OO-^"^  OQ___  @-cs  &?  °<-) 

sub   (sup),  sug   (sue),  sus:  substitute  suggest  suspend 


super:     supersede     supernatural     supervise     superior 

*>  ^i^  V  <*_,  ^ 

sur,  circum  :    surprise    survive    surmise    circumnavigate 


J  raws  :  translate  transpose  transact  transparent  transpire 


un  :  unaware  unused  unassisted  uncertain  uni  :  Unitarian 

f 


\inder-.     undertake     underwear     understand     underline 


88  NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 

COMPOUND  PREFIXES 

91.  There  is  nothing  particularly  to  be  remarked  re- 
garding the  manner  of  joining  compound  prefixes.    Sim- 
ply string  them  together.    As  words  with  compound  pre- 
fixes are  very  characteristic,  it  is  not  necessary  to  write 
such  words  in  full.    In  general  they  are  sufficiently  indi- 
cated by  the  prefixes  together  with  the  initial  character 
or  characters  of  the  root-word. 

superintend     reimburse     disentangle     independent 
V  V  ^  ~*L  _ 

Remark:     In  connection  with  other  prefixes  join  de,  as  in 
independent. 

92.  Polysyllables  having  prefixes  can  generally  be 
abbreviated  after  the  first  or  second  syllable  of  the  root- 
word,  writing  the  prefix  in  full.     Similarly,  trisyllables 
and  dissyllables  having  prefixes  can  often  be  abbreviated 
according  to  paragraph  69. 

international     abominate     elaborate     intimate     perhaps 

oJ> 


93.  Many  long  words  have  both  prefixes  and  suffix- 
es. Such  may  be  abbreviated  by  writing  the  prefix  to- 
gether with  the  first  character  or  syllable  of  the  root- 
word,  and  adding  the  suffix.  The  intermediate  syllable 
or  syllables  are  omitted. 

demonstrative    comparative    implement    perpetuity 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND  89 

94.  In  a  great  many  words  the  consonant  following 
the  prefix  a  is  doubled.  This  doubling  remains  unex- 
pressed in  shorthand. 

attire         annoy         affair         append         assist 


95.  Tn  rapid  work,  the  adjective,  the  noun,  and  the 
verb  can  often  be  expressed  by  the  same  form,  especially 
so  if  the  form  to  be  abbreviated  occurs  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  sentence.  For  instance,  "Additional  funds  proved 
necessary  •  additional  funds  proved  a  necessity  ;  the  con- 
dition of  affairs  necessitated  the  creation  of  additional 
funds."  This  method  of  abbreviation  is  perfectly  safe 
since  the  context  will  readily  determine  the  form  intend- 
ed ;  that  is  to  say,  words  so  abbreviated  are  supposed  to 
occur  in  sentences.  Many  words  in  the  exercises  are  ab- 
breviated according  to  this  principle,  while  for  the  sake 
<5f  completeness,  the  dictionary  generally  distinguishes 
between  the  -several  forms. 


' /^ 


90  NATURAL   SHORTHAND 

96.  The  following  is  a  list  of  important  root-words 
appearing  in  connection  with  different  prefixes.  Being 
of  great  frequency,  they  should  be  carefully  committed 
to  memory. 

ceive  :     receive     conceive     deceive     perceive     receiver 


claim:   acclaim   exclaim    reclaim   proclaim   declamation 


clo&e:     enclose     foreclose     disclose     enclosure     closest 


dude  :      include      exclude      cern  :      concern      discern 


dict:    addict    predict    verdict    contradict    benediction 

/         /          f 


duct:     conduct     deduct     induct     product     induction 
/.  £  /  71 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  91 


feet:      affect      affection      confection       effect      infect 


fit:       counterfeit        outfit        forfeit       refit       profit 


form  :     conform     inform     reform     uniform        former 

/>      S     J>     y^      /i      '  f. 

fy.     satisfy     identify     notify     signify      notification 

L.      ^         5          V      -^         V 

ject:      object      subject      project      inject      rejection 
6         -6          % 


mit:       omit       remit       commit       permit       permission 

7        ^7        7  />  ^  ^ 

wove:      remove      removal      prove:    approve    improve 

-7       "~7       "~7        *~     *~       ~*~ 

plex:   perplex   duplex   complex   complexion   perplexity 


92  NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 

plicate:  implicate  complicate  duplicate  implication 
ply:  apply  comply  imply  supply  appliance 
port:  report  export  import  support  transportation 
quire:  acquire  inquire  require  acquisition  acquirement 


quest:       request       inquest       suit:       consult       result 


scribe:       inscribe       ascribe       sort:       assort       resort 

->  — ->  ^  ,  /  / 

f  /  /  /*»  i/S  (y^i 

sped:  aspect  prospect  inspection  circumspect  retrospect 

— Tf. 


struct:     construct     instruct     obstruct     superstructure 

&  &  ~^  ^^  ^ 

sume:      resume      presume      sumption:       resumption 


NATURAL.  SHORTHAND 


93 


tain:      attain       retain      contain       tention:      attention 
/  /  9"  ?  L  £ 

tract :       attract       retract       vent .       convent       advent 


verse  : 


averse 


converse 
7* 


vert: 
/ 


avert       convert 


97.  Prefixes  often  change  when  before  certain  con- 
sonants, and  are  frequently  contracted  or  assimilated  to 
the  root-word  in  such  manner  as  to  become  obscure,  or 
entirely  unrecognizable.    As  their  ready  and  correct  ap- 
plication would  necessitate  the  constant  and  intelligent 
use  of  a  larger  dictionary,  we  would  recommend  to  write 
such  words  the  etymological  composition  of  which  is  un- 
known to  the  writer  or  appears  doubtful,  in  full,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  general  rules. 

suffice     collapse     diffuse     suffocate     mnoeent 

syf  (L&4  /--?  /-r/  ^?_xy 

98.  When  a  word  is  not  clearly  understood,  indicate 
such  by  drawing  a  circle  around  it.     Emphasis  is  ex- 
pressed by  underscoring  the  respective  word  or  words  by 
a  straight  line.    The  omission  of  a  single  word  is  denoted 
by  a  caret,  that  of  several  words,  by  a  large  dash  7   . 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


99.  Quotations  are  indicated  by  simply  writing  the 
commencing  and  the  concluding  words,  with  a  large  dash 
between :   £    7    c-V  ?    /°    .          This  characteris- 
tic stroke  half  length,  may  also  take  the  place  of  the 
dash  employed  in  ordinary  writing,  (ft—   l^^  —,  ^  ^ > . 

100.  A  word  with  an  initial  capital  may  be  indicated 
by  one  small  tick  placed  beneath  it :  God  C/  ,  He    ?     , 
U.  S.   So  . 


101. 


GENERAL   EXERCISE 


/? 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


Is 


//       ^>       V 


/> 


*"X* 

"^__    "7?  ^L^C 

IB. <?S — . 


Js 
—& 


96  NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


Aspire,  aboard,  amuse,  astride,  abridge,  abide,  ac- 
cept, accident,  antidote,  admirable,  admissible,  betray,  be- 
siege, belong,  begone,  besides,  consent,  contagious,  contest, 
consign,  control,  continent,  congregation,  conceal,  constant, 
compose,  compute,  commercial,  counteract,  detest,  destroy, 
delay,  deserve,  depart,  deny,  disturb,  disburse,  dismiss,  dis- 
patch, distend,  dispose,  dispute,  disaster,  dissipation,  elapse, 
elect,  emotion,  eminent,  elude,  erect,  endurance,  endorse,  in- 
sure, envelope,  encircle,  enlighten,  enrage,  entice,  entire,  em- 
brace, emboss,  interrogation,  intercede,  excess,  excuse, 
exempt,  extreme,  exposition,  extent,  existence,  foresee,  fore- 
arm, forgive,  foreshow,  forecast,  indeed,  infallible,  instead, 
institution,  incident,  insane,  incessant,  incite,  invite,  industry, 
imbue,  impair,  irregular,  mislead,  mishap,  mistrust,  nonpay- 
ment, oppress,  oblong,  occurrence,  obscure,  obdurate,  overshoe, 
overcoat,  overlook,  overcharge,  overflow, outstretch,  outside,  out- 
lay, perception,  perspire,  permissible,  permanent,  pretense, 
preface,  precept,  precinct,  postmeridian,  preparation,  propo- 
sition, preservation,  premises,  prevalent,  pronounce,  proces- 
sion, Protestant,  propose,  propound,  protect,  promotion,  pro- 
fane, produce,  prodigious,  prohibition,  renew,  retreat,  repeat, 
recur,  repair,  repent,  relate,  resist,  remote,  review,  refute,  re- 
morse, retard,  relent,  resolution,  resign,  restaurant, 
renovation,  reside,  submerge,  substantial,  suppress,  subway, 
suggestion,  succeed,  success,  suspense,  suspicion,  supreme, 
superb,  surface,  surpass,  surmount,  surname,  circumlocution, 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND  97 

transaction,  transit,  unbearable,  unabridged,  unharmed,  unof- 
fending, unless,  unruly,  unwilling,  unused,  undertaker,  under- 
hand, underlie,  underwent,  undermine,  underwrite,  undersign, 
par.  91:  represent,  resurrection,  apprehend,  accomplice,  un- 
prepared, unprecedented,  reinstate,  disreputable,  misunder- 
standing; par.  92:  annihilate,  elucidate,  deliberate,  exasperate, 
congratulate,  illiterate,  predominate,  procrastinate,  remu- 
nerate, promiscuous,  superfluous,  preposterous,  perpendicular, 
enervate,  indicate,  illustrate,  perpetrate,  obstinate,  amanu- 
ensis, immaterial,  preliminary,  conspicuous,  command,  consti- 
tute, demolish,  distinguished,  remark,  abrupt;  par.  93:  con- 
servatism, unscientific,  interrogative,  consecutive,  supersti- 
tious, suspicious,  superiority,  posthumous,  premium;  par.  94: 
attach,  attempt,  attentive,  afford,  announce,  apparent,  appro- 
bation, assent,  assessment. 


102.  READING  EXERCISE 

&  *-^          r*"  ^  ^  /&  ^f  <jS  0  /^  -^-.  v_^- 


98  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

103.  The  pupil,  provided  with-a  tablet  and-a  pencil, 
eagerly  awaited  the  teacher's  instruction.  Owing  to- 
the  disturbance  in-the  hall,  the  speaker  was-not  clearly 
understood.  The  secretary  tendered  his  resignation, 
which  excited  considerable  comment.  The  first  report  of- 
the  accident  was  greatly  exaggerated.  lie-that  pretends 
to-be  wise,  is  foolish.  The  most  durable  material  obtain- 
able will-be  employed  in-the  construction  of-the  hotel. 
Misunderstandings  have  often  been  caused  by  illegibility 
of  writing.  Experience  is-the  best  teacher.  Many  be- 
lieve in-the  supernatural,  a  few  do-not.  The  earnest 
admonition  of-his  superior  made  a  great  impression  on- 
him.  Money  is  rarely  a  substitute  for  mind.  Because 
of-the  many  difficulties,  the  project  was  finally  aban- 
doned. The  possibility  of  such  occurrence  cannot-be  dis- 


u. <^ 

NATURAL,  SHORTHAND     L  ^  ' '    -  -     99 


puted.  A  superficial  examination  of -the  plan  convinced 
us  of  its  practicability.  The  success  of-the  student  re- 
flects honor  and  credit  upon  his  teacher.  A  great  multi- 
tude assembled  to  listen  to-the  address  of-the  speaker. 
Edward  was  rewarded  with-a  book  for-his  diligence  and 
good  conduct.  Utility  is-the  truest  test  of  excellence. 
The  applicant  is  pre-eminently  fitted  for-the  position. 
Persevere,  and  you-will  succeed. 


READING  EXERCISE 


.   o  ^^^—  po 


10«  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

</    ^> 

~r  .  Ch 5   (      </    ^ 


~9 
7    S    <xO     r^  /    OS 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

Dear-Sir:  We-are-in-receipt-of-your-favor  of -the  2nd- 
inst.  It-is-a  surprise  to-us.  You-will-do  us  a  favor  by 
making  up  a  box  of-the  defective  goods,  and  ship  it 
back.  We-desire  to-make  a  personal  inspection,  and-if 
possible  place  the  responsibility. 

Yours-sincerely, 

Dear-Madam :  We-are-in-receipt-of-your-letter  of-the 
3rd-inst.  regarding  reports.  Mr.  Eaton  is  out-of-town 
and  will-not  return  before  Saturday  next.  As  he  must 
necessarily  sign  the  checks  that  are  to  accompany  the  re- 
ports and  as-the  books  are  locked  up  in-the  safe  accessible 
to-him  only,  nothing  can-be  done  until  Saturday  or  Mon- 
day. Hoping  the  delay  will  cause  no  inconvenience,  we- 
are 

Yours-very-sincerely, 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  101 

Gentlemen:  Our  purpose  in  addressing  you  to-day 
is  to-ask  you  kindly  to-hasten  the  delivery  of  our-order 
of -the  4th-inst.  The  season  for-the  sale  of-the  goods  or- 
dered is  at-hand  and  unless  a  part  at-least  is  supplied 
within-the  next  week,  we-shall  likely  miss  the  market 
and  be  seriously  inconvenienced  in-consequence.  We  also 
refer  you  to-your-letter  of-the  6th-inst.  in-which  you  as- 
sure us  to  deliver  the  goods  without  delay.  We  therefore 
hope  to  receive  the  first  consignment  within-a  few-days, 
otherwise  our  business  interests  will  compel  us  to-buy 
elsewhere.  Please  let-us-hear-from-you  at-once.  Trust- 
ing this  letter  will  give  no  offense,  we-are 

Very-sincerely-yours, 


102 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 


LESSON    1O 

IRREGULAR  PHRASES 

104.  While  the  utility,  the  advantage  of  phrasing 
has  been  dwelt  upon  repeatedly  in  these  pages,  we  now 
wish  to  emphasize  the  necessity  of  phrasing.  In  order  to 
obtain  even  a  moderate  degree  of  speed,  the  student  not 
only  may,  but1  must,  phrase.  Besides,  adopt  the  phrases 
as  they  are  presented  in  the  text-book,  unmodified.  They 
have  been  carefully  constructed  and  tested  for  you. 
Write  them  as  they  are  given. 

The  student  is  referred  to  paragraph  73  regarding 
the  difference  between  regular  and  irregular  phrases. 
Observe  .also  the  regularity  of  construction  of  the  first 
eight  irregular  phrases.  They  are  very  frequent,  of 
greatest  importance,  and  are  blends  rather  than  contrac- 
tions. Words  not  expressed  in  the  construction  of  ir- 
regular phrases  are  printed  in  heavy,  boldface  type. 

ought  to  , — / 


how  much  ?  $  *  % 

today 

how  many           Z^ 

don't 

you  can      S  C  *   £, 

I  don't  know 

you  could             / 

somebody  els 

not  yet        7/=  "/ 

nobody  else 

as  yet               *•-» 

at  once 

to  do         /  /=    / 

at  best 

ought  to  be 

of  a 

of  you  "> 

Dear  Sir  </ 

My  dear  Sir  2</'  2 

My  dear  Friend    •/ 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  103 

BUSINESS   PHRASES 

105.  In  the  following  we  present  a  list  of  phrases, 
such  as  occur  in  ordinary  business  correspondence.    They 
are  partly  irregular,  and  are  intended  principally  to 
guide  the  beginner  in  the  selection  of  words  that  are  most, 
advantageously  phrased.     While  as  a  rule,  phrases  of 
but  two  or  three  words  are  the  most  advantageous,  it  13 
however,  allowable  in  business  correspondence  to  con- 
struct phrases  that  contain  four,  five,  or  more  words. 
Expressions  like  "In  reply  to  your  favor"  or  "I  remain 
very  truly  yours ' '  should  have,  on  account  of  their  great 
frequency  and  because  they  are  spoken  at  a  greater 
speed  than  the  body  of  the  letter,  exceptionally  brief -and 
easy  outlines. 

The  student  is  advised  to  examine  and  to  analyze  care- 
fully the  following  specimens  of  business  phrases.  Let  him 
observe  the  general  principles  underlying  their  construction, 
and  then  select  and  memorize  such  as  best  suit  the  peculiari- 
ties of  both  business  and  employer.  . 

106.  Whenever  convenient,  we  indicate  you  by  cross- 
ing, intersecting  the  word-forms  between  which  it  oc- 
curs. 

do  you  see         did  you  know        would  you  not 


104 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 


107.                               GENERAL   EXERCISE 

your  favor                           SP 

in  response  to 

~*> 

your  letter                           o 

in  answer  to 

~* 

at  hand                               "E. 

in  reference  to 

-*» 

to  hand                                 g. 

post  office 

^ 

on  hand                            s    2- 

postal  card 

^/ 

in  hand                             ~~2. 

money  order 

r^ 

take  care                            /<£ 
take  pleasure                   fi£ 

express  money 
order 

Express  Co. 

wf 

6 

as  regards                         <£" 

Insurance  Co. 

-^ 

as  soon  as                         "^7 

by  express 

£ 

as  much  as                         <£ 

by  return  mail 

*9 

as  many  as                        ** 

in  order 

-r 

in  regard  to                        & 

our  order 

* 

in  reply  to                         ~^ 

we  beg 

-s 

in  respect  to                    ~7^ 

we  beg  leave 

-T& 

NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


106 


I  am  confident          -*  —  "c  — 

I  remain                                 "c. 

we  are  confident     ra^f 

we  remain                               2. 

1  am  glad                         —^£ 

Yours  truly                              / 

we  are  glad                  —  t^T 

Truly  yours                              ^ 

1  am  sorry                        -t/*' 

Yours  very  truly                 V-"7 

I  am  very                    —  tfl  —  *^ 
sorry 

Very  truly  yours                 °"*^T 

we  are  sorry              ——&Tr^ 

I  remain  Very                   6e-^ 
truly  yours 

\  am  obliged                -xxS/^ 

We  remain  Very                  Co-—  / 
truly  yours 

we  are  obliged          1/-7 

Yours  sincerely                    ^> 

I  am  in                              —  iP^ 
receipt 

Yours,  very                        <&^-r* 
sincerely 

I  am  in  receipt              —<&* 
of  your  letter 

Very  sincerely                 <>  —  *°S 
yours 

we  are  in  receipt        *f^ 
of  your  favor 

I  have  received                —0 
your    favor 

we  have  received       •  o 
your  letter 

Respectfully                           'X 
Very  respectfully               o^r*7 
Yours  respectfully                ^X 

in  reply  to  your              ~2^ 
favor 

Respectfully  yours                ^ 

in  answer  to            -—t/Zv^-e*"' 
your  inquiry 

Yours  very                        So  —  X 
respectfully 

106 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


108. 


READING  EXERCISE 


^v^c  — 


x^, 


C 


O 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


WRITING   EXERCISE 

109.  Before  entering  upon  this  exercise,  recall  that 
success  depends  on-your  efforts.  The  knowledge  of-a 
foreign  language  is  certainly  a  very  desirable  accomplish- 
ment. Shorthand  is  of  great  help  toward-the  acquire- 
ment of-a  correct  pronunciation.  Fluency  of  speech 
does-not  always  indicate  good  common  sense.  The  sun 
forms  the  center  of -the  solar  system.  Traffic  was  sus- 
pended until-the  bridge  was  rebuilt.  Within-a  week  all 
outstanding  accounts  were  collected.  The  jury,  unable 
to  agree  upon-a  verdict,  was  dismissed  by-the  judge. 
Absent  friends  are  soon  forgotten.  The  venerable  presi- 
dent of-the  society  was-the  recipient  of-a  handsome  and 
valuable  present.  The  goods  delivered  were  of  but 
medium  quality  and  were  disposed  of  at-a  sacrifice.  An 
old  tree  can  seldom  be  radically  improved  upon.  The 
plan  for-the  reorganization  of-the  company  was  at-once 
adopted.  A  man  is  delivered  and  gay  when  he-has  put 
his  heart  into  his  work  and  done  his  best.  Justice  is-the 
foundation  of  all  government.  "I-can't  do  it"  never 
accomplished  anything.  The  great  secret  of  success  is 
constancy  of  purpose.  The  book  was  subjected  to-an 
examination  prior  to-its  publication.  Bear  and  forbear. 
Success  to  all. 

Dear-Madam:  Your-favor  of-the  8th-inst.  with  list 
of  ten  subscriptions  to-the  Penman  is  at-hand.  We  sin- 
cerely thank  you  for-the  list  and  have  forwarded  the 
premium  selected.  The  September  and  October  num- 


108 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


r 


'  t     £    6 


--  ^O 

X'      —  —  #^  </  ^  _  -   ^   '""' 
-V    ^r   v  __   CT/c 


7" 


,y 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND  109 

bers  will-be  sent  at-once,  but-the  August  issue  is  out-of- 
print.    We-hope  to-have  a  continuance  of-your  support. 

Respectfully, 

Dear-Sir:  We-have-received-your-favor  of -the  10th- 
inst.  advising  us  that  you-have-not-yet  received  the  pic- 
tures sent  you  some-time-ago.  We-beg  to-state  that  on 
July  19  a  box  containing  the  engravings  referred  to  was 
shipped  to  Hopkins  &-Co.  by  freight.  If-the  same  has- 
not-yet-been  received  up  to-the  present,  an  inquiry  at- 
some  of-the  freight  houses  will  probably  locate  it.  In- 
case you-should-not  find  it  in-a-day-or-two,  advise  us  and 
we-shall-forward  tracer  at-once.  Enclosed-please-find 
bill-of -lading  and  our  check  for  $67.45  in  settlement  of- 
your  September  account.  Hoping  to-hear-from-you,  we- 
are 

Very-respectfully, 

Dear-Sirs:  We- wish  to  call  your  attention  to-the 
small  account  amounting  to  $3.23  for  merchandise  sup- 
plied during-the  month  of  August.  As  we-have  a-great- 
many  such  small  accounts  widely  scattered,  the  agre- 
gate  of -which  amounts  to-a  very  large  sum,  we  respect- 
fully request  that  you  send  us  a  money-order  or  check 
for  this  amount  upon  receipt  of -this  letter.  If  we-do-not 
hear-from-you  within-a  wreek,  we-shall-be-obliged  to- 
place  the  bill  with-our  attorney  for-collection. 

We-are 

Very-truly-yours, 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 


APPENDIX 

accomplish        c?"~) 

bill                   ^ 

compromise          2, 

advance              /-~ 

blank                 c/^ 

confident        ~^L— 

advantage         ^uO 

bought                J? 

consequence          ^ 

a<Jvertise           /^ 

business              ^ 

consider                 /^ 

agree                 ^ 

build                   & 

continue              2""> 

America             *2 

call                    c/- 

convenient         2  — 

amount               ^ 

catalogue           CX 

cover                     /^ 

answer               c/7 

certificate         *-?# 

defendant          /?    - 

author             "—7* 

circumstance    °7 

deliver                ^ 

become             /^ 

clerk                  /5^ 

desire                  ^0^ 

begin               ^*? 

cloth                 O/3 

distinct              >" 

behind              >~ 

college            Oi? 

early                      <^ 

beyond            <A-' 

common             ?. 

electric             —  f 

big                 ^-*^ 

communicate     ^ 

English             -^? 

black                & 

compliment    3  — 

esteem              -^^7 

NATURAL.  SHORTHAND 


lit 


evident          7..   _ 

heard                 r 

judge 

/-G 

except              vo 

heart                   • 

language 

«r 

expect               y 

help                    V 

leave 

&* 

express            v" 

henceforth       J* 

liberty 

OS 

expense           v 

hold                   «^ 

list 

-» 

extra                i 

hope                 t_x 

market 

2- 

fact                t-/" 

house,  his          ^ 

mean 

•^ 

fall                 /> 

hundred             ^ 

member 

/ 

familiaf         /J? 

immediate         ~7 

merchandise 

^n 

far                   /u, 

important,  -ce  ~€ 

money 

r?r 

frequent       C  

inferior            *^? 

mortgage 

& 

fund                rt 

instant           

necessary 

^ 

furnish           /ft 

instance            .  —  . 

neglect 

^ 

gentlemen      OL 

interest              -J 

oblige 

^ 

get                  S 

inventory          '^ 

occasion 

* 

grand             °^ 

invoice               — 

once 

3, 

112 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


only                   —  » 

proper              a£Lo 

response                °X 

opinion            **-f 

proprietor     <^—</> 

return                      /^ 

opportunity  v-£_s*^' 

public               fS 

select                   ^  —  / 

or 

publish             >ax~) 

sincere                   -^> 

order                   ¥ 

purpose             "f 

sorry                      1^ 

ordinary          *~~f 

quantity           £-^ 

still                          ^ 

particular        & 

quart,-er       c/",  <£ 

sufficient              °X_ 

pencil               & 

question                2 

temper                    /^ 

plain                  '/} 

recommend        ^ 

thought                 -/" 

plenty             /2-~ 

real                    e^ 

thousand                ^ 

plus                 ^ 

record              <p<5 

truth                      ^ 

postage          £-*& 

reference          of 

usual                      V 

preference          <f 

regret                 T" 

verb                        ^ 

principal,-le    </*" 

regard                 » 

week                      i^" 

privilege        o*~7 

remain               C 

whole                     ^ 

promise              /^ 

respect               'X 

world                       ^ 

NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


SUPPLEMENTARY   PHRASES 
esteemed  favor  .X^*       under  separate  cover 


esteemed  letter 
free  on  board   (f.  o. 
balance  due 
please  forward 
we  shall  forward 
enclosed  please  find 
please  find  enclosed 
we  have  no  doubt 
careful  consideration 
careful  attention 
personal  attention 
prompt  attention 
immediate  attention 
8 


X 


free  of  charge 


let  me  know 


let  me  hear 


let  us  hear 


as  a  matter  of  fact 


as  a  matter  of  course 


at  your  convenience 


at  your  early  con- 
venience 

at  your  earliest 

convenience 

at  an  early  date 


at  an  early  a  date 
as  possible 

yours  of  recent  date 


09 


114 


NATURAL,  SHORTHAND 


<7Xl 


//  r^7-   t? 
~e^£    ^     CL*O      Z        6 


Co  ?/ 


2  , 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  115 

Dear-Sirs :  We-have  this  day  shipped  by  special  fast 
freight  six  dozen  boxes  oranges  and  herewith  hand  you 
invoice  and  bill-of -lading  for-the-same.  We-regret  very- 
much  that  there  has-been  such-a  delay  in  sending  this 
lot,  but  it-was  wholly  unavoidable  on-our-part.  You-will 
recollect  that  in  quoting  you  prices  on-the  16th  ult.  we 
requested  a  prompt-reply.  Your-order  did-not  reach  us 
until-the  26th,  and  in-the-meantime  a  large  demand  had 
sprung  up  which  cleaned  out  the  market  entirely.  We- 
have-been  trying  ever-since  to  fill  your-order  and  this 
morning  received  a  consignment  from  Los- Angeles,  part 
of-which  at-once  goes  forward  as  stated  above.  The 
oranges  are  excellent,  and-are  carefully  packed.  Hoping 
the  delay  has-not  inconvenienced  you  and-that  the  fruit 
will  arrive  in  good  condition,  we-are 

Very-truly-yours, 

Gentlemen:  Your-letter  of -the  6th-inst.  has-just- 
been  received.  In-reply  we-beg  to-say  that  not  having 
heard  of -you  since  your-letter  acknowledging  receipt  of 
our-order  and  fearing  that  you- would-be  unable  to  fill  it 
f  or-several  weeks,  as  you  intimated  might-be  the  case,  we 
finally  countermanded  the  order  in  our-letter  of -the  2nd- 
inst.  and  purchased  elsewhere.  We-cannot  understand 
why  this  letter  did-not  reach  you.  It  evidently  did-not, 
or  you-would-not-have  sent  the  fruit.  We-do-not-see  our 
way  clear  to  receive  this  lot  on-invoice  as  we-have  some 
remaining  on-hand.  But  there-is  an  increasing  demand 
just-now,  and  we-have  every  reason  to  believe  that  if 
you-will  leave  them  with-us  on-sale,  we-can  dispose  of 


IK 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


<?    (T9-^^  -—, 
— T  -£^>  '/— 
c,  y/A-  /^   A 
-V     ^        ^2 
^>      -Cx-> 


<r-    'Z    ^-^2,.  r^  <# 

/  <^f  ^  b  o^s— 


?.  zfi-^-^fr 


v 
/? 


r  sy/. 


<lf 


S     / 
/ 


/ 


S    o     /*     S     X    . 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


them  within-a  week  and-at  very  fair  prices.  This  will 
entail  less  expense  and  trouble  than  returning  them  to- 
you.  We-are-sorry  for  this  unpleasant  occurrence,  but 
it-is-the  best  we-can-do  under-the  circumstances.  Kindly 
let-us-know  your  pleasure  at-once,  and-oblige 
Yours-very-sincerely, 

Dear-Sirs:  We  enclose  statement  showing  balance- 
due  us  $55.  As  previously  written  that  while  we-would 
assist  you  to  collect  from-the  Railroad-Company  for 
goods  lost  in  transit,  at-the-same-time,  this  has  nothing 
to-do  with  paying  us  the  amount.  We-have  shipped  and 
delivered  the  goods  according  to-your  instructions,  and 
as-soon-as  we-were  in  possession  of  our  receipt,  we-were- 
not  responsible  for  accidents  in  transit.  Nor  can-we  al- 
low you  the  discount  you  deduct.  The  object  of  giving  a 
cash  discount  is-an  inducement  to-pay  promptly,  and 
since  you-have-not  done  so  in  five  months,  you-have  for- 
feited your  discount.  These  facts  are  patent  and  clear 
to-every  right  thinking  person.  Kindly  send  us  a  check 
or  money-order  for-the  amount  at-your-early-conve- 
nience,  and-oblige 

Yours-truly, 


118 


NATURAL   SHORTHAND 


9> 


/ 


/>       ^) 


' 


7 


.  X? 

ry 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  111 

THE   PRESENT  AGE 

In  looking  at  our  age  I  am  struck  immediately  with 
one  commanding  characteristic,  and  that  is  the  tendency 
in  all  its  movements  to  expansion,  to  diffusion,  to  uni- 
versality. To  this  I  ask  your  attention.  This  tendency 
is  directly  opposed  to  the  spirit  of  exclusiveness,  restric- 
tion, narrowness,  monopoly,  which  has  prevailed  in  past 
ages.  Human  action  is  now  freer,  more  unconf ined ;  all 
goods,  advantages,  helps,  are  more  open  to  all ;  the  privi- 
leged petted  individual  is  becoming  less,  and  the  human 
race  is  becoming  more.  If  we  look  at  the  various  move- 
ments of  our  age,  we  shall  see  in  them  this  tendency  to 
universality  and  diffusion.  Look  first  at  science  and 
literature.  Where  is  science  now?  Locked  up  in  a  few 
colleges  or  royal  societies  or  inaccessible  volumes  ?  Are  its 
experiments  mysteries  for  a  few  privileged  eyes?  Are 
its  portals  guarded  by  a  dark  phraseology  which  to  the 
multitude  is  a  foreign  tongue?  No!  Science  has  now 
left  her  retreats,  her  shades,  her  selected  company  of 
votaries,  and  with  familiar  tone  begun  the  work  of  in- 
structing the  race.  Through  the  press,  discoveries  and 
theories  once  the  monopoly  of  philosophers  have  become 
the  property  of  the  multitude.  Its  professors,  heard  not 
long  ago  in  the  university  or  some  narrow  school,  now 
speak  in  the  mechanics'  institute.  The  doctrine  that  the 
laborer  should  understand  the  principles  of  his  art, 
should  be  able  to  explain  the  laws  and  processes  which 
he  turns  to  account — that,  instead  of  working  as  a  ma- 
chine, he  should  join  intelligence  to  his  toil — is  no  longer 


120 


NATURAL,   SHORTHAND 


/      S?    o 


? 


"7 


X? 


2 


/? 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND  121 

listened  to  as  a  dream.  Science,  once  the  greatest  of  dis- 
tinctions, is  becoming  popular.  The  school  books  of  our 
children  contain  grand  views  of  the  creation.  There  are 
parts  of  our  country  in  which  lyceums  spring  up  in  al- 
most every  village  for  the  purpose  of  mutual  aid  in  the 
study  of  natural  science.  The  characteristic  of  our  age, 
then,  is  not  the  improvement  of  science,  rapid  as  this  is, 
so  much  as  its  extension  to  all  men. 

W.  Channing. 

PRUDENCE 

Well-disposed  youths  may  find  that  goodness  of  heart 
and  openness  of  temper,  though  these  may  give  them 
great  comfort  within  and  administer  to  an  honest  pride 
in  their  own  minds,  will  by  no  means,  alas !  do  their 
business  in  the  world.  Prudence  and  circumspection  are 
necessary  even  to  the  best  of  men.  They  are,  indeed,  as 
it  were,  a  guard  to  Virtue  without  which  she  can  never 
be  safe.  It  is  not  enough  that  your  designs — nay,  that 
your  actions — are  intrinsically  good;  you  must  take  care 
they  shall  appear  so.  If  your  inside  be  ever  so  beautiful, 
you  must  preserve  a  fair  outside  also.  This  must  be  con- 
stantly looked  to,  or  malice  and  envy  will  take  care  to 
blacken  it  so  that  sagacity  and  goodness  will  not  be  able 
to  see  through  it  and  to  discern  the  beauties  within.  Let 
this  be  your  constant  maxim — that  no  man  can  be  good 
enough  to  enable  him  to  neglect  the  rules  of  prudence; 
nor  will  Virtue  herself  look  beautiful  unless  she  be  be- 
decked with  the  outward  ornaments  of  decency  and 
decorum. 


122 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


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„  cr  SJ 

~r.    }  —•  c  * 


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NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


THE  VALUE   OF  TODAY 

We  are  always  dreaming  of  having  more  time  in  the 
future  and  of  doing  things  with  a  strong  hand  in  conse- 
quence. Today  we  have  but  fifteen  minutes,  and  what 
can  be  made  of  such  a  fragment  of  time  ?  Next  year  we 
shall  have  hours,  and  then  we  will  read  the  new  books, 
learn  the  language  we  need  to  possess,  accomplish  the 
larger  tasks  of  which  we  dream.  But  the  hours  never 
come,  and  the  achievements  are  made,  if  they  are  made 
at  all,  in  those  odds  and  ends  of  time  that  come  to  us  by 
the  way.  The  wise  man  is  he  who  knows  the  value  of 
today,  he  who  can  estimate  today  rightly.  Leave  the 
future  to  take  care  of  itself.  For  the  value  of  the  future 
depends  entirely  upon  the  value  attached  to  today. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


A  TEACHERS'  COURSE  BY  CORRESPONDENCE 

For  the  convenience  of  teachers  and  others  desiring  a 
more  extended  treatise  on  the  subject,  a  course  of  Lessons 
by  Correspondence  has  been  prepared.  Of  special  value  to 
teachers  as  it  permits  of  a  deeper  insight  into  the  construction 
of  the  system,  and  contains  many  a  useful  hint  and  helpful 
suggestion  towards  a  speedier  and  more  perfect  mastery  of 
the  art.  The  finest  Course  of  Lessons  out,  $20. 

Teachers  desiring  to  take  a  course  of  Lessons  by  Corres- 
pondence with  a  view  to  introducing  the  system,  will  be  in- 
structed free  of  charge. 


and  school  officers  are  respectfully  requested  to  examine  into 
the  merits  of  Natural  Shorthand.  Upon  application,  a  copy  of 
the  Manual  will  be  sent  them  for  examination  with  the  privi- 
lege of  returning.  Examination  copy  if  retained,  $1.  A  special 
price  for  larger  quantities. 

Questions  regarding  the  system  will  be  cheerfully  an- 
swered. Sample  lesson  and  pamphlets  gratis  and  post-free  to 
any  address. 

AUGUST  MENGELKAMP, 
Remsen,  Iowa. 


NATURAL  SHORTHAND 


THE  MANUAL 
OF  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

Designed  for  class  or  self-instruction.  Fifth,  improved 
edition.  Contains  the  complete  exposition  of  the  system  for 
the  purposes  of  business  correspondence  and  private  memo- 
randa. Divided  into  ten  lessons,  progressively  arranged,  and 
presented  in  accordance  with  the  latest  and  most  approved 
methods  of  teaching.  All  exercises  keyed.  Handsomely 
bound  in  cloth,  $1.75. 


GRADED  EXERCISES 
IN  NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

With  key.  Abundant  reading  and  practicing  material  in 
the  form  of  Reading  and  Writing  Exercises  similar  to  those 
in  the  Manual.  Also  a  list  of  useful  phrases,  a  number  of 
business  letters,  and  some  literary  matter.  Boards,  $1.00. 


DICTATION 
IN    NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

The  complement  of  the  Graded  Exercises.  It  presents  a 
great  variety  of  actual  business  letters,  designed  to  prepare 
the  student  for  office  work.  Besides  there  is  a  goodly  amount 
of  literary  matter  for  general  practice.  Type  and  shorthand. 
Cloth,  $1.25. 


DICTIONARY 
OF   NATURAL  SHORTHAND 

Contains  the  forms  for  more  than  11000  words,  including 
hundreds  of  proper  names.  Easy  words  omitted.  Bound  in 
cloth,  $1.25. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


2  2  1956 


JAN 


Form  L9-10m-3,'48(A7920)444 

UNIVERSITY  of  CALIFORNIA 

AT 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


„„„ ,  °"2SfLR.EGIONA1-  LIBRARY  FACI 


A     000583617    6 


w 


1917 


